Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Meaning and importance of fire
Fire Safety - Possible causes of fire outbreaks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term fire
- Explain the importance of fire in daily life
- Appreciate the role of fire in our lives

- Brainstorm on the meaning of fire
- Discuss the importance of fire in daily life
- Present findings in class

Why is fire important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 1
- Pictures showing uses of fire
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 2
- Pictures of fire outbreak scenarios
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Ways of preventing fire outbreaks
Fire Safety - Firefighting techniques: Cooling and smothering

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways of preventing fire outbreaks in the environment
- Identify fire prevention equipment and their uses
- Demonstrate responsibility in fire prevention

- Study pictures showing fire prevention measures
- Discuss measures put in place to prevent fire outbreak at school and home
- Learn about smoke detectors, fire extinguishers and fire alarms
- Discuss storage of flammable substances and importance of fire safety training

How can we prevent fire outbreaks in our environment?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 5
- Pictures of fire prevention measures
- Fire safety equipment (smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, fire alarms)
- "No Smoking" signs
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 7
- Pictures of firefighting methods
- Water containers
- Sand and blankets

- Observation - Oral questions - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Firefighting techniques: Starving and interrupting
Fire Safety - Importance of fire safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the starving method of extinguishing fire
- Describe the interrupting method of extinguishing fire
- Demonstrate safe firefighting practices

- Discuss starving fire by removing combustible materials
- Learn about interrupting fire using chemical agents
- Study how fire extinguishers work using carbon dioxide foam
- Discuss the reaction pathway of fire and how it can be interrupted

What is the role of chemical agents in fighting fires?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 8
- Fire extinguisher
- Video clips on firefighting
- Charts showing firefighting methods
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 9
- Nearby workplace or workshop
- Fire safety equipment
- Resource person
- Notebooks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Meaning and importance of data
Data Safety - Threats to data: Viruses
Data Safety - Threats to data: Unauthorized access

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define data and information in electronic devices
- Explain the importance of data in electronic devices
- Appreciate the value of data in electronic devices
- Explain unauthorized access as a threat to data
- Describe how unauthorized access can harm data
- Value the importance of data security

- Brainstorm on the meaning of data and information in electronic devices
- Use digital devices or print media to find out the importance of data
- Outline main points in notebooks
- Share points with classmates
- Discuss unauthorized access and its effects on data
- Search for information on data threats using digital or print resources
- Note down findings and present them in class
- Share findings with other groups

What is data and why is it important in electronic devices?
How does unauthorized access threaten our data?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 10
- Digital devices (computers, tablets, smartphones)
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 11
- Digital devices showing virus warnings
- Pictures of virus alerts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 12
- Digital devices
- Internet resources
- Case studies on data breaches

- Observation - Oral questions - Written notes
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Ways of protecting data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe ways of protecting data in electronic devices
- Identify techniques of securing data
- Demonstrate responsibility in data protection

- Study pictures showing ways of protecting data
- Discuss how data can be protected (use passwords and scan devices using antivirus)
- Discuss techniques of securing data in electronic devices against threats

How can we protect data in electronic devices?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 12
- Digital devices
- Charts showing data protection methods
- Pictures of data protection techniques

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Protecting data using passwords

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how passwords protect data
- Create strong passwords for data protection
- Practice using passwords to secure data

- Study how Nekesa protected her data using passwords
- Discuss how to create and use passwords
- Share experiences of using passwords to protect data
- Discuss other methods of protecting data apart from passwords

Why are passwords important in protecting our data?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 13
- Digital devices
- Password-protected files
- Internet resources on password creation

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Protecting data using passwords
Data Safety - Securing data with passwords on documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how passwords protect data
- Create strong passwords for data protection
- Practice using passwords to secure data
- Secure a document using a password
- Follow steps to encrypt documents with passwords
- Show confidence in securing data

- Study how Nekesa protected her data using passwords
- Discuss how to create and use passwords
- Share experiences of using passwords to protect data
- Discuss other methods of protecting data apart from passwords
- Create a new document or open an existing document
- Click "File" then "Info"
- Click "Protect document" and select "Encrypt with password"
- Insert password and confirm it
- Close document and test password protection

Why are passwords important in protecting our data?
How do we secure documents with passwords on a computer?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 13
- Digital devices
- Password-protected files
- Internet resources on password creation
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 14
- Computers with word processing software
- Documents to be protected
- Step-by-step guides

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Self-assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Understanding antivirus software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of antivirus software
- Identify types of antivirus programs
- Appreciate the importance of antivirus protection

- Discuss what antivirus software is and its functions
- Learn about different types of antivirus programs
- Understand how antivirus protects electronic devices from viruses and online threats
- Discuss how antivirus interrupts threats

What is antivirus software and how does it protect our devices?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- Digital devices with antivirus software
- Internet access
- Antivirus program interfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Installing and scanning devices using antivirus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Install antivirus on a device
- Scan electronic devices for viruses
- Interpret scan reports and remove threats

- Install antivirus of choice on devices
- Open security app and select "Full Scan" or "Quick Scan"
- Look at scan report to see if any viruses or threats were found
- Remove any threats or viruses found in the electronic device

How do we scan electronic devices for viruses?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- Digital devices (phones, tablets, computers)
- Antivirus software
- Internet connection

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment of scan reports

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Securing school electronic devices
Data Safety - Importance of data safety in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify electronic devices in school that need protection
- Secure data in school electronic devices using appropriate techniques
- Explain the importance of securing school devices
- Explain the importance of data safety in daily life
- Identify instances where data needs to be secured
- Value the need for data safety

- Identify electronic devices in school (mobile phones, tablets, computers)
- Under teacher guidance, ensure data is secured in these devices
- Discuss why it is important to secure data in these devices using antivirus
- Brainstorm on the importance of data safety in day-to-day lives
- Discuss instances where there is need to secure data
- Write summary notes and present them in class

Why is it important to secure data in school electronic devices?
When do we need to secure our data in daily life?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- School electronic devices
- Antivirus software
- Password protection tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 16
- Digital devices
- Case studies on data safety
- Real-life examples

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written summaries

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Debate on data safety importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Argue for or against the importance of data safety
- Apply critical thinking in discussing data safety issues
- Acknowledge the need for data safety in electronic device interaction

- Participate in Computer Club debate on: "Data safety is important in our interaction with electronic devices today"
- Present arguments supported by evidence
- Listen to opposing views and respond appropriately
- Draw conclusions on data safety importance

Is data safety essential in our digital interactions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 16
- Debate guidelines
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Debate participation - Observation - Oral presentations - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Instruments used in drawing
Plane Geometry - Layout of a drawing environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify drawing instruments and equipment
- Describe the uses of drawing instruments
- Show interest in using drawing instruments properly

- Identify tools and instruments used in drawing from pictures
- Discuss how instruments are used in drawing
- Search for information on drawing instruments using digital devices
- Draw some instruments on paper

How do drawing instruments help us make accurate drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 18
- Drawing instruments (set squares, compasses, rulers)
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 20
- Drawing sheets
- Pencils and straight edges
- Sample drawings showing layout

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Constructing combined shapes
Plane Geometry - Use of plane geometry in drawing
Dimensioning - Types of dimensioning in drawing
Dimensioning - Linear and angular dimensioning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify shapes used to create combined shapes
- Sketch combined shapes
- Demonstrate interest in constructing combined shapes
- Define dimensioning as used in drawing
- Identify types of dimensioning
- Show interest in learning about dimensioning

- Search for information on drawing rectangles, triangles, circles, and squares
- Study combined shapes and identify component shapes
- Discuss how to construct combined shapes
- Sketch combined shapes on paper
- Brainstorm on the meaning of dimensioning
- Study diagrams showing different types of dimensioning
- Identify linear, angular, radial, and arc dimensioning from examples
- Discuss differences between dimensioning types

How can we combine different shapes to create complex figures?
Why is dimensioning important in technical drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 23
- Drawing books
- Geometrical sets
- Compasses and rulers
- Digital resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 26
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Career brochures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 27
- Charts showing dimensioned drawings
- Digital devices
- Sample technical drawings
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 28
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Sample dimensioned drawings

- Observation - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Radial dimensioning and lines used for dimensioning
Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning straight lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify radial dimensioning on drawings
- Draw dimension lines, extension lines, and leader lines
- Demonstrate accuracy in drawing dimension lines

- Study examples of radial dimensioning (radius and diameter)
- Discuss the appearance and use of dimension lines
- Draw extension lines and leader lines
- Practice drawing dimensioning lines correctly

How are curved surfaces and circles dimensioned?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 30
- Drawing books
- Rulers and compasses
- Charts showing line types
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 32
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Reference books on technical drawing

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning circles and curves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Dimension circles using diameter and radius
- Apply correct symbols for radius and diameter
- Value accuracy in dimensioning curved surfaces

- Study examples of circles dimensioned using diameter (Ø)
- Practice dimensioning circles using radius (R)
- Discuss when to use diameter versus radius
- Complete dimensioning exercises on circles and curves

How do we correctly dimension circular features?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 34
- Drawing instruments
- Compasses
- Sample drawings with circles

- Practical work - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Forms of dimensioning (chain, parallel, combined)
Dimensioning - Dimensioning shapes in drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify chain dimensioning
- Describe parallel dimensioning
- Explain combined dimensioning
- Appreciate different dimensioning forms
- Measure dimensions of shapes accurately
- Dimension shapes correctly using appropriate techniques
- Display quality work in portfolio

- Study drawings showing chain dimensioning
- Analyze examples of parallel dimensioning
- Discuss combined dimensioning approach
- Categorize dimensioning forms from sample drawings
- Measure dimensions of given combined shapes
- Draw shapes to measured dimensions
- Dimension each drawing correctly following rules
- Display dimensioned drawings in portfolio for peer assessment

What are the different ways of arranging dimensions on drawings?
How do we dimension complex combined shapes?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 36
- Charts showing dimensioning forms
- Drawing books
- Digital resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 38
- Drawing equipment
- Rulers and measuring tools
- Drawing books
- Portfolio folders

- Observation - Written tests - Peer assessment
- Practical work - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale
- Appreciate the importance of scale in drawing

- Search for information on meaning of scale drawing
- Study pictures showing plain scales
- Discuss features of plain scale (main units, sub-units, zero mark, R.F)
- Identify features on sample plain scales

Why do we need to use scales when drawing large or small objects?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 41
- Charts showing plain scales
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Sample scale drawings

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Understanding plain scale components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain units and sub-units on plain scale
- Describe Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Show interest in reading plain scales accurately

- Discuss main units and sub-units on plain scales
- Understand zero mark positioning
- Learn about Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Create charts showing plain scale features

How do we read and understand information on a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Sample plain scales

- Practical work - Observation - Charts assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing figures to a given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read measurements from main scale
- Read measurements from sub-scale
- Calculate total distance from plain scale readings
- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements
- Apply Representative Fraction (R.F) correctly
- Draw lengths to given scale accurately

- Study plain scale showing distance between two points
- Practice reading main scale (part A)
- Practice reading sub-scale (part B)
- Calculate total distance by adding readings from both parts
- Learn to convert meters to centimeters
- Calculate drawing length using R.F formula
- Practice drawing lengths using different R.F values
- Complete exercises on scale drawing

How do we determine actual distances from a plain scale?
How do we reduce large objects to fit on paper?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 44
- Plain scale examples
- Rulers
- Practice worksheets
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 46
- Drawing books
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions
- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw rectangular shapes to scale
- Calculate both length and width using R.F
- Demonstrate accuracy in scale drawing

- Practice drawing rectangular football field to scale
- Calculate drawing length and width separately
- Draw school playground to given scale
- Complete multiple scale drawing exercises

How do we draw rectangular areas to scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 47
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Plain Scale Drawing - Uses of plain scale drawing
Composite Materials - Identifying composite materials in the locality
Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials
Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify uses of plain scale drawing in work environment
- Explain importance of scale drawing in daily life
- Value the application of scale drawing in various fields
- Describe the composition of composite materials
- Identify constituent materials in composites
- Appreciate the combination of materials in composites

- Study plain figures showing scale applications (maps, land plans)
- Discuss uses of plain scale drawing
- Search for real-world applications of scale drawing
- Present findings on importance of scale drawing
- Discuss and fill in constituent materials of composites
- Participate in group presentations
- Search for information on constituent materials using digital devices
- Study composition of concrete, bricks, papier-mâché, stone, manufactured boards

How is plain scale drawing used in the community and workplace?
How are composite materials made?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 50
- Maps and plans
- Digital devices
- Career brochures
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Pictures of composite materials
- Realia (concrete, bricks, manufactured boards)
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts showing composite compositions
- Sample composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 65
- Print resources
- Internet link provided
- Reference books

- Oral presentations - Written tests - Observation
- Written assignments - Practical work - Group presentations

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Matching composite materials to their uses
Composite Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Match composite materials to their uses
- Identify uses of composite materials in work environment
- Appreciate the importance of composite materials

- Match composite materials to their uses in notebooks
- Discuss uses of manufactured boards for furniture
- Study uses of plastic-coated paper for packaging
- Identify uses of concrete in construction
- Share work with classmates

How are composite materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 67
- Charts showing composite uses
- Pictures of furniture and buildings
- Real composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 68
- Pictures of work environments
- Charts showing sector applications
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Practical work - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Searching for information on uses
Composite Materials - Importance in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Research uses of composite materials
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Apply digital literacy skills in research

- Use digital devices to search for information on uses
- Watch video clips showing composite material applications
- Observe pictures and charts
- Find out uses of plastic-coated paper, chipboard, concrete
- Write reports on observations

How can we find information about composite material uses?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 69
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Manila papers for charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 70
- Community resources
- Pictures of local structures
- Sample composite items

- Chart assessment - Written reports - Practical work

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Identifying common ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Collecting ceramic items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ceramic materials in the locality
- Name items made from ceramic materials
- Show interest in learning about ceramics
- Collect ceramic items from locality
- Write names of ceramic items
- Store collected items safely

- Study pictures of items made from ceramic materials
- Name items in each picture
- Discuss ceramic materials used to make items
- Name other ceramic items in locality
- Share findings with class
- Take a walk around locality with teacher guidance
- Identify ceramic items
- Collect some of the items
- Write names of items
- Discuss ceramic materials used
- Store items in safe place

What are ceramic materials and where do we find them?
How can we identify and collect ceramic materials safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 71
- Pictures of ceramic items
- Real ceramic items (pots, plates, tiles)
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 72
- Collection bags
- Notebooks for recording
- Storage boxes
- Safety gloves

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical identification
- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define physical properties
- Identify physical properties of ceramic materials
- Appreciate the unique properties of ceramics

- Brainstorm meaning of physical properties
- Discuss physical properties of ceramic materials
- Use print and digital media to search for properties
- Study pictures showing brittleness, fire resistance, heat resistance

What are the physical properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 73
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Pictures showing properties
- Sample ceramic items

- Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test fire resistance of ceramics
- Examine heat and water resistance
- Demonstrate safe investigation procedures

- Drop ceramic material from height to test brittleness
- Hold ceramic using tongs and place on flame
- Place pot over low flame to test heat resistance
- Place water inside glass to test water resistance
- Record observations

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 74
- Ceramic items (glass, pots)
- Water
- Source of heat
- Tongs
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Written reports - Safety compliance

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Understanding properties
Ceramic Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain brittleness of ceramics
- Describe fire, heat, water and corrosion resistance
- Value the properties of ceramic materials
- Match ceramic materials to their uses
- Identify uses of ceramics in different sectors
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Appreciate ceramic material applications

- Study explanations of basic properties
- Discuss brittleness and why ceramics break easily
- Learn about fire resistance in flames
- Understand corrosion resistance
- Discuss water and heat resistance applications
- Match ceramic items with uses in work environment
- Search for information on uses using digital resources
- Prepare chart showing types and uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials
- Record findings in tables

Why do ceramic materials have these specific properties?
How are ceramic materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 75
- Charts showing properties
- Sample ceramic items
- Pictures demonstrating properties
- Reference books
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 76
- Digital devices
- Manila papers for charts
- Workplace access
- Resource persons
- Sample ceramic items

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
- Chart assessment - Practical work - Oral presentations - Written reports

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Importance in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify importance of ceramic materials in locality
- Discuss uses in kitchen, construction, decoration
- Explain healthcare applications
- Value ceramic materials in daily life

- Study pictures of people making and using ceramics
- Identify ceramic materials shown
- Discuss importance in the locality
- Debate statement about ceramic importance
- Share with parents importance of ceramics at home

Why are ceramic materials important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 78
- Pictures of ceramic uses
- Digital devices
- Debate guidelines
- Reference materials
- Community resources

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Debate participation - Self-reflection