Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how raised platforms help people perform tasks
- Classify raised platforms according to their uses
- Appreciate the role of raised platforms in different environments

- Study pictures showing people using different raised platforms
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are being used
- Mention how raised platforms are used in the locality
- Visit various areas around school where raised platforms are used

How do raised platforms help people perform tasks safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment
Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the use of personal protective equipment when working on raised platforms
- Apply safety measures when using raised platforms
- Appreciate the need for regular inspection of equipment

- Discuss the use of guardrails, safety nets and personal protection equipment
- Practice using slip-resistant safety wear
- Demonstrate proper inspection of raised platforms before use
- Create safety posters on working at heights

Why is personal protective equipment important when working at heights?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment
Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify hazardous substances found in the environment
- Describe how hazardous substances can cause harm
- Show awareness of hazardous substances in the locality

- Explore the environment to identify hazardous substances
- Study pictures showing hazardous substances
- Use print or digital media to search for information on hazardous substances
- Watch video on hazardous substances

What are hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances
Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify safety symbols on product labels
- Interpret hazard statements and precautionary statements
- Apply knowledge of labels when handling hazardous substances

- Study and identify symbols on hazardous substance labels
- Discuss meaning of different safety symbols
- Interpret product labels (product identifier, signal words, hazard statements, precautionary statements)
- Create product labels for given substances

What information is found on product labels?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely
Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper

- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation
Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain classification and safe handling of hazardous substances
- Interpret safety information on product labels
- Show commitment to environmental safety

- Review key concepts on handling hazardous substances
- Discuss case scenarios on hazardous substance handling
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why should we observe safety when handling hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents

What are the career pathways available in senior school?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Manila paper
- Career magazines

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ethical and unethical practices related to use of talents
- Analyse case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical practices

- Read and discuss case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Analyse ethical practices demonstrated by individuals
- Discuss unethical practices and their consequences
- Brainstorm on ethical use of talents and abilities

What are ethical and unethical practices in career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Case study materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions - Case study analysis

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents
Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Choose a career based on talents and abilities
- Explain steps for choosing a career
- Value the importance of matching career to talents

- Study steps for choosing a career
- Assess personal skills and interests
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Make presentations on career choices
- Complete crossword puzzle on careers

How can you choose a career based on your talents?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Career assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Presentations - Written tests - Oral questions - Self-assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings
Oblique projection - Sketching practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply proportionality and neatness in sketching
- Value accuracy in technical drawing

- Follow steps to sketch various shaped blocks
- Practice sketching on squared paper
- Maintain proportionality in sketches
- Join endpoints of receding lines correctly

How can shaped blocks be sketched in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks
- Sample drawings

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments
Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw shaped blocks using geometrical instruments
- Use 45° set square correctly
- Appreciate the importance of accurate drawing

- Study steps for drawing a cuboid in oblique projection
- Use drawing instruments to draw the front face
- Draw receding lines at 45° using set square
- Practice drawing with correct dimensions

How are geometrical instruments used in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice
Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw dimensioned oblique drawings
- Apply proper line work techniques
- Show competence in using drawing instruments

- Practice drawing various shaped blocks from given dimensions
- Include all dimensions on completed drawings
- Use correct line weight and quality
- Display completed drawings for feedback

How are dimensions included on oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Drawing board
- Pencils
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Peer assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications and practice
Oblique projection - Assessment and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics
Wood - Classification and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify wood as softwood or hardwood
- Identify physical characteristics of different wood types
- Show interest in learning about wood

- Take a walk around school/community to identify trees
- Observe physical characteristics of each tree
- Use checklist to sort wood as softwood or hardwood
- Use print or digital media to search for types of wood

What are the types of wood available?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe methods of wood conversion
- Show interest in wood preparation processes

- Visit a sawmill to observe wood conversion process
- Discuss the process of converting logs into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for conversion methods
- Study plain sawing and quarter sawing methods

Why are logs converted into timber?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method

What are the methods of wood conversion?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods
Wood - Types and their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Explain why wood needs to be seasoned
- Show understanding of wood preparation

- Discuss advantages of each seasoning method
- Learn how moisture is reduced in timber
- Study differences between air and kiln seasoning
- Visit relevant work environment to observe seasoning

Why is it necessary to season wood?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Comparison chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures of seasoning facilities
- Reference materials
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards

- Written tests - Oral questions - Field observation - Charts

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses in various trades

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify uses of wood in construction, furniture making, and other trades
- Create charts matching wood to uses
- Appreciate versatility of wood

- Use print or digital media to find uses of wood in trades
- Visit locality to explore uses of wood
- Discuss wood in construction, furniture, music, sports
- Create photomontage or chart showing uses

How is wood used in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors

- Charts/posters - Oral presentations - Written tests - Creativity assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance in daily life
Wood - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss wood as renewable resource
- Show commitment to environmental conservation

- Name wooden items in environment
- Discuss importance of wood (fuel source, building material, decoration)
- Learn about carbon storage in wood
- Discuss sustainable use of wood

Why is wood important in our daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wooden items
- Digital devices
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Environmental awareness

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment
Handling waste materials - Types of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Classify waste materials by type
- Show awareness of waste in locality

- Walk around school compound to identify waste materials
- Study pictures showing different types of waste
- List waste materials observed
- Discuss sources of waste materials

What waste materials are found in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Lists - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe ways of handling waste materials
- Explain reusing, recycling and composting
- Show commitment to proper waste handling

- Use print or digital media to search for safe handling methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, burn)
- Study pictures showing waste handling methods
- Read instructions on handling hazardous waste

How should waste materials be handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussions

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reusing waste materials
- Explain recycling waste materials
- Value waste as a resource

- Discuss examples of reusing waste (tins for storage, newspapers for wrapping)
- Discuss examples of recycling (paper to tissue, glass to bottles, iron to steel)
- Study pictures showing reused and recycled items
- Practice sorting waste for recycling

How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal
- Digital devices
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity

How do you safely dispose of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify and classify waste materials
- Explain safe handling and disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste management

- Review key concepts on waste materials
- Complete assessment activities
- Discuss case scenarios on waste management
- Reflect on learning progress

How should waste materials be handled in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment