Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - General structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the general structure of an atom
- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Show interest in exploring the structure of atoms

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of an atom
- Discuss in groups the general structure of atoms
- Identify the particles shown in the atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 1)
- Charts showing structure of an atom
- Digital resources
- Models of atoms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Meaning of an atom
Structure of the atom - Atomic number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of an atom
- Describe the characteristics of subatomic particles in an atom
- Appreciate the importance of understanding atomic structure

- Discuss in groups and find out the meaning of an atom
- Research on the differences between subatomic particles
- Share findings with classmates

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 2)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing structure of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 3)
- Periodic table
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Mass number
Structure of the atom - Representation of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mass number of elements
- Calculate the mass number of given elements
- Show interest in determining mass numbers of elements

- Complete a table to determine mass numbers of different elements
- Calculate mass numbers using protons and neutrons
- Work out mass numbers for various elements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 4)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Charts showing atomic structure
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 5)
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy levels
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangements of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify energy levels in atoms
- Explain how electrons are organized in energy levels
- Show interest in understanding atomic structure

- Search for information on energy levels in atoms
- Discuss how energy levels are organized in atoms
- Study diagrams showing energy levels

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing energy levels
- Models
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret energy level diagrams
- Draw energy level diagrams for different elements
- Show interest in representing atomic structures

- Study energy level diagrams in the course book
- Practice drawing energy level diagrams
- Discuss the meaning of energy level diagrams

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing energy level diagrams
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Periodic table
- Exercise sheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Modelling structures
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create models of atomic structures
- Identify suitable materials for modelling atomic structures
- Show creativity in making models of atomic structures

- Observe different models of atomic structures
- Identify materials for modelling atoms
- Create models of atomic structures in groups

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Locally available materials
- Digital resources
- Sample models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Periodic table
- Charts showing electron arrangements

- Observation - Project work - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals classification
Structure of the atom - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify elements into metals and non-metals using electron arrangement
- Explain the relationship between electron arrangement and metallic properties
- Appreciate the diversity of elements

- Discuss classification of elements based on electron arrangements
- Complete tables to show metals and non-metals
- Match elements to their classifications

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Digital resources
- Periodic table
- Charts showing classification of elements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 10)
- Assessment items
- Models

- Observation - Written work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying metals
Metals and Alloys - Classification of materials
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties (state)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- Classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Appreciate the variety of materials in the environment

- Observe pictures of items made from different materials
- Identify and classify materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Walk around the school to identify metallic and non-metallic items

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of metallic and non-metallic items
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Samples of different materials
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 16)
- Samples of different metals
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Malleability
Metals and Alloys - Ductility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the malleability of different metals
- Explain the property of malleability in metals
- Observe safety measures when investigating metal properties

- Carry out an investigation on malleability of different metals
- Record observations when metals are hammered
- Compare the malleability of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Samples of different metals
- Hammer or mallet
- Safety equipment
- Metal wires
- Pliers

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Electrical conductivity
Metals and Alloys - Thermal conductivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the electrical conductivity of different metals
- Explain why metals conduct electricity
- Show interest in investigating electrical properties of metals

- Set up simple circuits to test electrical conductivity
- Record observations on how different metals conduct electricity
- Compare the electrical conductivity of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 18)
- Simple circuit components
- Metal samples
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 19)
- Heat source
- Candle wax or cooking fat

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Causes of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Effects of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Control of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate causes of rusting in iron
- Explain conditions necessary for rusting to occur
- Appreciate the importance of understanding rusting

- Set up experiments to investigate rusting
- Record observations on rusting under different conditions
- Discuss factors that cause rusting

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 20)
- Iron nails
- Test tubes
- Water and oil
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 21)
- Pictures of rusted items
- Actual rusted items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Items with rust prevention
- Pictures

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Investigating rusting
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Carry out an investigation on rusting in the environment
- Record observations on rusted items
- Show concern about the effects of rusting

- Walk around the school or neighborhood to observe rusted items
- Record observations on rusted items
- Write a report on effects of rusting

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Camera (if available)
- Observation sheets
- Rusted items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 23)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing uses of metals
- Charts

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Identifying alloys
Metals and Alloys - Alloys in locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from alloys in the locality
- Explain why certain items are made from alloys
- Show interest in exploring uses of alloys

- Observe pictures of items made from alloys
- Discuss why certain items are made from alloys
- Identify items made from alloys in the school

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Samples of items made from alloys
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Items made from alloys
- Camera (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Project work

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Observing alloy uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Identify metals used to make different alloys
- Show interest in understanding alloy composition

- Observe pictures of different alloys
- Search for information on composition of common alloys
- Present findings on alloy composition

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 25)
- Digital resources
- Pictures of different alloys
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 26)
- Pictures showing uses of alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 27)
- Observation sheets
- Items made from alloys

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Assessment
Water hardness - Physical properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of metals and alloys
- Explain uses of various metals and alloys
- Show confidence in applying knowledge of metals and alloys

- Answer assessment questions on metals and alloys
- Complete self-assessment checklist
- Identify properties and uses of metals and alloys

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 32)
- Assessment items
- Digital resources
- Samples of metals and alloys
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Charts

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Show interest in water sources in the environment

- Discuss different sources of water in the locality
- Compare characteristics of water from different sources
- Record findings in a table

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Clear containers
- White paper

- Observation - Oral discussions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Investigating color and odor
Water hardness - Boiling point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the color and odor of different water samples
- Record observations on water characteristics
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

- Carry out experiments to test color and odor of water samples
- Record observations in a table
- Draw conclusions about water quality based on observations

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Heat source
- Beaker
- Water

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard and soft water
Water hardness - Differences
Water hardness - Advantages of soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between hard and soft water
- Explain the difference in lathering ability
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Compare lathering of soap in different water samples
- Distinguish between hard and soft water based on lathering
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Debate materials

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Hard water advantages
Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify advantages of hard water
- Discuss health benefits of minerals in hard water
- Appreciate the value of hard water in certain applications

- Discuss benefits of minerals in hard water
- Research advantages of hard water
- Debate on usefulness of hard water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Research materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling method
Water hardness - Chemical method
Water hardness - Distillation method
Water hardness - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by boiling
- Explain how boiling removes hardness
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water by boiling
- Test lathering ability of water before and after boiling
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Beakers
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Washing soda
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Pictures of water applications

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports