Numbers

Fractions - Numerator and denominator in a fraction
Fractions - Representing fractions as part of a whole

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the numerator and denominator in a fraction in different situations.
- Develop interest in fractions.

- Learners discuss in groups the top (numerator) and bottom (denominator) numbers in a fraction and share with others.
-Learners practice identifying numerator and denominator in various fractions.

When do you use fractions in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Fraction charts
- Circular cut-outs
- Counters
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Rectangular cut-outs
- Clock face

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Representing fractions as part of a group

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent a fraction with denominators not exceeding 12 as part of a groupg.
- Appreciate using fractions to represent parts of a group.

- Learners illustrate in pairs/groups fractions as part of a group using cut outs, counters or clock face.
-Learners practice representing different fractions as part of a group.

How do fractions represent parts of a group?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Counters
- Bottle tops
- Clock face

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Types of fractions
Fractions - Converting improper fractions to mixed fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of fractions in real life situations.
- Show interest in different types of fractions.

- Workout in groups proper, improper and mixed fractions as part of a whole or as part of a group using paper cut outs or counters.
-Learners practice identifying different types of fractions.

How can we classify different types of fractions?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Paper cut-outs
- Counters
- Fraction charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Circular cut-outs
- Fraction charts
- Counters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Converting mixed fractions to improper fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert mixed fractions to improper fractions in different contexts.
- Show interest in conversions between fractions.

- Discuss in groups changing of mixed fractions to improper fractions.
-Learners practice converting mixed fractions to improper fractions.

When do we convert mixed fractions to improper fractions?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Circular cut-outs
- Fraction charts
- Counters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Identifying tenths
Decimals - Identifying hundredths

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify tenths in real life situations.
- Show interest in tenths as decimal fractions.

- Discuss in pairs/groups where tenths are used in real life situations.
-Learners practice identifying and representing tenths using different models.

How do you use decimals in real life situations?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- 10 square grid
- Rectangular paper strips
- Place value charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 72
- 100 square grid

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Representing tenths using decimal notation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent tenths using decimal notation in given situations.
- Appreciate decimal notation in daily life.

- Illustrate in pairs/groups tenths using place value charts.
-Learners practice writing tenths using decimal notation.

How do we represent tenths using decimal notation?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 74
- Place value charts
- Number cards
- 10 square grid

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Representing hundredths using decimal notation
Decimals - Place value of tenths

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent hundredths using decimal notation in given situations.
- Show interest in decimal notation.

- Illustrate in pairs/groups hundredths using place value charts.
-Learners practice writing hundredths using decimal notation.

How do we represent hundredths using decimal notation?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 76
- Place value charts
- Number cards
- 100 square grid
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78
- Abacus

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Place value of hundredths

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place value of hundredths in real life.
- Appreciate decimal place values in daily life.

- Represent decimals using place value charts and reuse charts for other activities.
-Learners practice identifying place values in decimal numbers.

How do we identify place values in decimal numbers?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Place value charts
- Number cards
- Abacus

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Ordering tenths from the smallest to the largest
Decimals - Ordering tenths from the largest to the smallest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order tenths from smallest to largest.
- Show interest in ordering decimal numbers.

- In groups, learners order given decimals in ascending order.
-Learners practice comparing and ordering decimal numbers.

How do we order decimal numbers?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Number line
- Number cards
- Place value charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Ordering hundredths from the smallest to the largest
Decimals - Ordering hundredths from the largest to the smallest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order hundredths from smallest to largest.
- Show interest in ordering decimal numbers.

- In groups, learners order given decimal numbers involving hundredths in ascending order.
-Learners practice comparing and ordering decimal numbers.

How do we compare decimal numbers?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Number line
- Number cards
- Place value charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Use of letters - Representing information using letters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent information using letters in real life situations.
- Show interest in using letters to represent information.

- Represent various items from diverse geographical locations using letters.
-Learners practice using letters to represent different items.

Why do we represent information using letters?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Letter cards
- Number cards
- Flash cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Use of letters - Forming simple expressions involving addition
Use of letters - Forming simple expressions involving subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form simple expressions involving addition to represent real life situations.
- Appreciate the use of expressions in daily life.

- In groups, learners form expressions involving addition to illustrate real life situations.
-Learners practice forming expressions for different scenarios.

How do expressions help us in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 85
- Number cards
- Letter cards
- Flash cards
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Use of letters - Forming simple expressions involving multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form simple expressions involving multiplication to represent real life situations.
- Appreciate expressions involving multiplication.

- In groups, learners form expressions involving multiplication to illustrate real life situations.
-Learners practice forming expressions for different scenarios.

How can we use expressions involving multiplication?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Number cards
- Letter cards
- Flash cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Use of letters - Forming simple expressions involving division
Use of letters - Simplifying expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form simple expressions involving division to represent real life situations.
- Show interest in expressions involving division.

- In groups, learners form expressions involving division to illustrate real life situations.
-Learners practice forming expressions for different scenarios.

When do we use expressions involving division?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Number cards
- Letter cards
- Flash cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Length - Centimetre as a unit of measuring length
Length - Measuring length in centimetres
Length - Estimating and measuring length in centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the centimetre as a unit of measuring length in real life situations.
- Show interest in using centimetre as a unit of measurement.

- In groups, learners identify the centimetre and mark out lengths of one centimetre using a ruler.
-Learners identify items whose lengths can be measured in centimetres.

How can you measure distance?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Metre ruler
- Tape measure
- Objects for measurement
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Various classroom objects
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 94
- Various objects

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Length - Relationship between metres and centimetres
Length - Converting metres to centimetres
Length - Converting centimetres to metres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Establish the relationship between metres and centimetres practically.
- Show interest in the relationship between units of length.

- In groups, learners measure length of objects in classrooms in metres and centimetres and establish the relationship between the units.
-Learners practice comparing measurements in different units.

How are metres and centimetres related?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Metre ruler
- Tape measure
- String
- Measuring tape
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Conversion tables
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Length - Perimeter of plane figures
Length - Addition involving length in metres and centimetres
Length - Subtraction involving length in metres and centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out perimeter of plane figures in different contexts.
- Appreciate use of perimeter in real life situations.

- In groups, learners calculate perimeter of plane figures.
-Learners measure and calculate perimeter of various objects in the classroom.

How do you find the perimeter of different shapes?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Ruler
- Shape cutouts
- Measuring tape
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Metre ruler
- Tape measure
- Number cards
- Place value chart
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Length - Multiplication involving metres and centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Carryout multiplication involving metres and centimetres in real life situations.
- Show interest in multiplication of length measurements.

- In groups, learners work out multiplication involving metres and centimetres.
-Learners practice solving real-life problems involving multiplication of length measurements.

How can multiplication help us with length measurements?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Metre ruler
- Tape measure
- Number cards
- Place value chart

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Length - Division involving metres and centimetres
Area - Comparing area of surfaces by direct manipulation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Carryout division involving metres and centimetres in real life situations.
- Appreciate division of length measurements.

- In pairs, learners work out division involving metres and centimetres.
-Learners practice solving real-life problems involving division of length measurements.

How can division help us with length measurements?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Metre ruler
- Tape measure
- Number cards
- Place value chart
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Paper cutouts
- Different shapes
- Objects with flat surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Area - Calculating area by counting unit squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of squares and rectangles by counting unit squares.
- Develop interest in calculating area.

- In pairs, learners use different unit square cut outs to cover a given surface.
-In groups, learners count the number of unit square cut outs prepared from locally available materials to cover the surface.

What is a unit square and how is it used?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 108
- Unit square cutouts
- Grid paper
- Locally available materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Area - Area of a square by counting unit squares
Area - Area of a rectangle by counting unit squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of squares by counting unit squares.
- Show interest in calculating area of squares.

- In groups, learners use unit square cutouts to cover square surfaces.
-Learners practice counting unit squares to find area of squares.

How do you find the area of a square?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 109
- Unit square cutouts
- Square shapes
- Grid paper
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 110
- Rectangular shapes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Area - Area of squares as product of rows and columns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of squares as a product of number of rows and columns.
- Show interest in calculating area of squares.

- In pairs, learners establish area of a square is same as number of rows multiplied by number of columns.
-Learners practice calculating area of squares using rows and columns.

How is multiplying rows by columns related to area?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 112
- Grid paper
- Square shapes
- Unit square cutouts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Area - Area of rectangles as product of rows and columns
Area - Finding area of squares and rectangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of rectangles as a product of number of rows and columns.
- Appreciate use of rows and columns in calculating area.

- In pairs, learners establish area of a rectangle is same as number of rows multiplied by number of columns.
-Work out area of squares and rectangles by multiplying number of rows by number of columns, such as in tiled or paved floors.

How can we calculate area using rows and columns?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Grid paper
- Rectangular shapes
- Unit square cutouts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Digital devices
- Square and rectangular shapes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Volume - Piling objects into stacks of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Pile objects into stacks of cubes in real life situations.
- Show interest in piling objects.

- In groups, learners discuss and carefully arrange blocks or objects on top of each other into cuboid and cube shape.
-Learners practice stacking objects or blocks to form cubes and cuboids of different sizes.

Where do we apply the volume of cubes and cuboids in real life situations?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 118
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- Building blocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Volume - Piling objects into stacks of cuboids
Volume - Working out volume of cuboids by piling blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Pile objects into stacks of cuboids in real life situations.
- Appreciate piling objects in real life.

- In groups, learners arrange and pile objects to form cuboids of different sizes.
-Learners use matchboxes to build different stacks of cuboids.

How can we use stacking to understand volume?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Matchboxes
- Building blocks
- Cuboid shapes
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 120
- Unit cubes
- Matchboxes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Volume - Working out volume of cubes by piling blocks
Volume - Volume of cubes and cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the volume of cubes by piling blocks to form a cube.
- Appreciate volume of cubes in real life.

- In groups, learners count the number of objects in the pile that makes a cube to determine the volume.
-Learners practice calculating volume of different cubes by counting blocks.

How do you find the volume of a cube?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 121
- Unit cubes
- Building blocks
- Matchboxes
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 123
- Digital devices
- Building blocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Capacity - Measuring capacity in litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure capacity in litres in real life situations.
- Show interest in measuring capacity.

- In groups, learners measure capacity of containers using a one litre container in real life situations.
-Learners practice measuring capacity of different containers in litres.

How can you measure capacity using arbitrary units?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- 1 litre container
- Various containers
- Water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Capacity - Making litre containers
Capacity - Measuring capacity in ½ litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make and use litre containers in measuring capacity.
- Appreciate importance of standard units in measurement.

- In pairs, learners make litre containers from locally available materials through filling and emptying the container with substances such as water or sand using a 1 litre container.
-Learners use their containers to measure capacity of other containers.

Why do we need standard units of measurement?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- 1 litre container
- Locally available materials
- Water or sand
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- ½ litre container
- Various containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Capacity - Measuring capacity in ¼ litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure capacity in ¼ litres in real life situations.
- Appreciate measuring capacity in ¼ litres.

- Learners make ¼ litre containers through filling and emptying using a 1 litre container.
-In groups, learners use ¼ litre containers to measure capacity of other containers.

How are ¼ litres related to litres?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 128
- 1 litre container
- ¼ litre container
- Various containers
- Water or sand

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Capacity - Addition of capacity in litres
Capacity - Subtraction of capacity in litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out addition of capacity in litres in real life situations.
- Show interest in addition of capacity.

- In groups, learners add capacity involving litres in real life situations.
-Learners practice solving problems involving addition of capacity.

When do we need to add capacity measurements in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 128
- Containers of known capacity
- Number cards
- Place value charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 130

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Capacity - Using digital devices for capacity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use digital devices to learn about capacity.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real life situations.

- In pairs, learners play games involving capacity using containers of different capacities or digital devices for digital games.
-Learners practice solving problems involving capacity using digital tools.

How can technology help us learn about capacity?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 131
- Digital devices
- Digital games
- Educational apps

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Mass - Using a kilogram mass to measure mass of objects
Mass - Using ½ kg masses to measure mass of objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a kilogram mass to measure masses of different objects practically.
- Show interest in measuring mass in kilograms.

- In groups, learners use one kilogram masses to measure masses of given objects using a beam balance.
-Learners practice measuring mass of different objects in kilograms.

How do we measure mass in kilograms?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 132
- 1 kg mass
- Beam balance
- Various objects
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 133
- ½ kg mass
- Various objects
- Sand or soil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Mass - Using ¼ kg masses to measure mass of objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use ¼ kg masses to measure masses of different objects practically.
- Show interest in measuring mass using ¼ kg masses.

- In groups, learners make a ¼ kg mass and use it to measure mass of given objects using a beam balance and an electronic balance.
-Learners practice measuring mass of different objects using ¼ kg masses.

How are ¼ kg masses related to kg masses?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 134
- ¼ kg mass
- Beam balance
- Electronic balance
- Various objects
- Sand or soil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Mass - Mass in kilogram and ½ kilogram
Mass - Addition of mass in kilograms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate kilograms to ½ kg and ¼ kg.
- Appreciate relationship between units of mass.

- Learners practice converting between kilograms, ½ kg, and ¼ kg.
-Learners solve problems involving conversion between units of mass.

How are different units of mass related?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- 1 kg mass
- ½ kg mass
- ¼ kg mass
- Beam balance
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- Beam balance
- Number cards
- Place value charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Mass - Subtraction of mass in kilograms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Subtract mass involving kilograms in real life situations.
- Appreciate subtraction of mass measurements.

- In groups, learners subtract mass involving kilograms (kg).
-Learners practice solving problems involving subtraction of mass.

When do we need to subtract mass measurements in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Beam balance
- Number cards
- Place value charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments