Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - States of matter
Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the three states of matter
- Group objects in the environment into the three states of matter
- Show interest in exploring different states of matter

- Touch and feel the objects around them including water
- Identify the objects and discuss how different objects feel
- Group the objects around them into categories: hard objects that cannot be pressed, visible but not hard objects that can flow, things not visible but can be felt
- Find out the meaning of the term matter

What are the three states of matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 60
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of solids
Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids
Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify solids that are heavy and light
- Determine the mass of solids
- Value the importance of mass in daily life

- Collect stones of different sizes, plastics, blocks of wood, ball bearings, glass, iron nails
- Lift each item and determine which are heavy and which are light
- Compare heaviness of different objects
- Group materials based on their apparent size and heaviness
- Record observations in a table

How do we determine if a solid is heavy or light?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 64
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 65
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids
Properties of matter - Mass of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that liquids have a definite volume
- Explain why liquids maintain their volume
- Show interest in investigating properties of liquids

- Collect water and three measuring containers of different sizes and shapes
- Put some water in one of the containers and record the level
- Pour the same water into the other two containers, one at a time
- Record the level of water in each container
- Observe if the volume changes depending on the container shape

Do liquids have a definite volume?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Water
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of gases
- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Appreciate the existence of gases in the environment

- Blow air into balloons of different sizes
- Observe what happens when air is blown into the balloons
- Observe what happens when air is released from the balloons
- Discuss why balloons collapse when air is released
- Record observations

How do we know gases exist even though we can't see them?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of gases
Properties of matter - Volume of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases have mass
- Compare the mass of inflated and deflated objects
- Show interest in investigating properties of gases

- Collect two similar balls or balloons (both inflated)
- Get a pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick for deflating
- Use a beam balance to compare masses of two inflated balls/balloons
- Deflate one ball/balloon
- Compare their masses on the beam balance again
- Record observations

Do gases have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue

- Observation - Practical assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter
Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of different states of matter in daily life
- Give examples of how each state of matter is used
- Appreciate the use of different states of matter in daily life

- Discuss how solids are used in daily life (buildings, utensils, books)
- Discuss how liquids are used (fuel, drinking, cooking, cleaning)
- Discuss how gases are used (cooking gas, air for inflating)
- Search for information on uses of different states of matter
- Share findings

Why are the different states of matter important in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste in various environments
- Appreciate the need to manage solid waste properly

- Identify and discuss types of solid waste likely to be found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste
- Record findings in a table showing solid waste found at home and in school
- Share findings in a class presentation

What types of solid waste are found in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written work

Matter

Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to decomposable waste over time
- Show interest in management of decomposable waste

- Study pictures of decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens when banana peels or food leftovers are left in a covered container for a week
- Explain the process of decomposition
- Record observations

What happens to decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sort solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Place sorted waste in appropriate dustbins
- Appreciate the importance of sorting waste

- Identify and collect solid waste in the school compound with teacher guidance
- Observe safety measures during collection activities
- Sort the solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Put them in two separate dustbins
- List examples of decomposable and non-decomposable waste

Why is it important to sort solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found in homes
- Apply the 3Rs in managing home waste
- Appreciate responsible waste management at home

- Discuss types of solid waste found in homes
- Discuss how various types can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Discuss specific management for plastic/glass bottles, kitchen waste, vegetable waste, animal waste, and faulty electronics
- Record findings and share in a presentation

How can we manage different types of waste at home?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pictures of public events

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Safety measures
Management of solid waste - Project planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when handling solid waste
- Explain the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Show responsibility in observing safety measures

- Study pictures showing items used to handle various types of solid waste
- Identify safety measures when handling any type of solid waste
- Find out the meaning of PPE
- Discuss types of protective clothing and equipment used
- Record and share findings with classmates

What safety measures should we observe when handling solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a waste bin using locally available materials
- Apply creativity in designing a waste bin
- Appreciate the value of reusing waste materials

- Follow steps to make a waste bin
- Identify and collect materials
- Make and label the waste bin
- Take pictures or videos during the activity (if possible)
- Display completed waste bins
- Share tips discovered during the project

How can we make a waste bin from locally available materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments
Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Apply creativity in designing toys or ornaments
- Value the importance of recycling waste materials

- Study pictures showing toys made from locally available materials
- Study pictures showing how to make simple bracelets from plastic straws
- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Display completed items
- Share the creative process with classmates

How can we make toys or ornaments from waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage
Water conservation - Water wastage in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted
- Distinguish between proper and improper water use
- Show concern for water wastage

- Study pictures showing water use
- Discuss whether water is being used properly in each picture
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Discuss consequences of water wastage

How is water wasted in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted at home
- Explain consequences of water wastage at home
- Show responsibility in proper water use at home

- Discuss ways in which water is wasted at home
- Identify activities that lead to water wastage
- Discuss the dangers of leaving taps running
- Discuss consequences of wet floors
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely
Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of using water wisely
- Distinguish between wise and unwise water use
- Value proper water use practices

- Identify and discuss ways to use water wisely at home and school
- Complete a table showing whether different water uses are wise or wasteful
- Record and share findings with classmates

How can we use water wisely?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Chart showing different ways of using water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reducing water usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reducing water usage
- Apply water-reducing techniques in daily activities
- Value water-saving practices

- Discuss ways of conserving water by reducing usage
- Explore examples: using glass/cup when brushing teeth, closing taps during soaping, using buckets instead of showers
- Discuss other methods of reducing water usage
- Record and share findings

How can we reduce water usage in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Reusing water
Water conservation - Recycling water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reusing water
- Apply water-reusing techniques in daily activities
- Appreciate the importance of reusing water

- Discuss the concept of reusing water
- Identify examples: using rinse water for mopping, using water from washing fruits/vegetables for garden watering
- Discuss other methods of reusing water
- Record and share findings

How can we reuse water in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Importance of water conservation
Water conservation - Responsible water use
Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of water conservation
- Identify the benefits of conserving water
- Appreciate the value of water conservation

- Read a story about two villages during drought
- Discuss why water conservation is important
- Identify benefits of water conservation mentioned in the story
- Explore problems faced by villages that didn't conserve water
- Suggest solutions to water conservation problems

Why is it important to conserve water?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments