Inorganic Chemistry

Historical development of the periodic table I
Historical development of the periodic table II

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the early attempts to classify elements
- Explain the law of triads and law of octaves
- Trace the evolution of element classification from ancient times

- Brainstorm in groups on the historical development of the periodic table
- Watch a video on the history of the periodic table
- Study the timeline of periodic table development

How did scientists first attempt to organize the elements?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 45
- Digital devices
- Timeline charts
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 46
- Periodic table charts

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Groups and periods I
Groups and periods II
Position of an element and electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define groups and periods in the periodic table
- Identify the number of groups and periods in the modern periodic table
- Relate groups to vertical columns and periods to horizontal rows
- Arrange the first 20 elements into groups and periods
- Relate electron arrangement to group and period number
- Use electron configuration to predict an element's position in the periodic table

- Study the modern periodic table
- Discuss with peers the meaning of groups and periods
- Identify groups and periods in the periodic table
- Copy and complete the table for the first 20 elements
- Identify elements belonging to each group and period
- Discuss how electron arrangement changes across periods

What are groups and periods in the periodic table?
How does electron arrangement determine an element's position in the periodic table?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 49
- Periodic table
- Digital devices
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 49
- Periodic table
- Digital devices
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 51
- Manila paper
- Graph paper
- Scissors

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation
- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical families - Alkali metals and Alkaline earth metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify members of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
- Describe common features of Group I and Group II elements
- Recognize everyday applications of these elements like sodium in salt and calcium in bones

- Identify elements in Group I and Group II
- Discuss with peers common features of alkali metals
- Search for information on properties of alkaline earth metals

What are the characteristics of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 53
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical families - Halogens and Noble gases
Transition elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify members of halogens and noble gases
- Describe common features of Group VII and Group VIII elements
- Connect halogens to uses like chlorine in water treatment and noble gases in lighting

- Identify elements in Group VII and Group VIII
- Discuss with peers common features of halogens
- Search for information on properties of noble gases

Why are noble gases called inert gases?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 53
- Periodic table
- Digital devices
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 54
- Coloured pencils

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Stability of atoms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the stability of noble gas atoms
- Describe how atoms gain stability through electron loss or gain
- Relate atomic stability to the octet rule and full outer shells

- Draw atomic structures of helium, neon and argon
- Discuss with peers the meaning of stability of an atom
- Identify what makes noble gases stable

Why are noble gases stable?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 55
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Cations and anions
Valency and oxidation number I

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define cations and anions
- Predict the type of ion formed from electron arrangement
- Draw ion formation using dot and cross diagrams
- Define valency and oxidation number
- Determine valency from electron arrangement
- Differentiate between valency and oxidation number

- Study diagrams showing ion formation
- Draw ion formation of metals and non-metals using dot and cross structures
- Discuss with peers the difference between cations and anions
- Discuss with peers the meaning of valency and oxidation number
- Determine valency of elements from their electron arrangements
- Compare valency and oxidation number of elements

How do atoms form ions?
What is the difference between valency and oxidation number?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Charts showing ion formation
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 58
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Practical drawings
- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Valency and oxidation number I

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define valency and oxidation number
- Determine valency from electron arrangement
- Differentiate between valency and oxidation number

- Discuss with peers the meaning of valency and oxidation number
- Determine valency of elements from their electron arrangements
- Compare valency and oxidation number of elements

What is the difference between valency and oxidation number?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 58
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Valency and oxidation number II

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Write oxidation numbers of transition elements
- Apply Roman numerals to represent variable oxidation states

- Discuss with peers elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Complete the table of oxidation numbers for transition elements
- Practise writing oxidation numbers using Roman numerals

Why do some elements have more than one oxidation number?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 59
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Radicals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define radicals in chemistry
- Identify common radicals and their valencies
- Apply knowledge of radicals in writing chemical formulae

- Discuss with peers the meaning of radicals
- Complete the table of radicals and their valencies
- Identify radicals in common compounds

What are radicals and how are they used in Chemistry?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 60
- Charts showing radicals
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Electron arrangement of ions using s and p notation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write electron arrangement of ions using s and p notation
- Distinguish between electron arrangements of atoms and ions
- Apply electron arrangement to explain ion formation

- Copy and complete the table showing electron arrangements of ions
- Compare electron arrangements of atoms and their ions
- List cations and anions from the table

How does the electron arrangement of an ion differ from that of its atom?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 62
- Periodic table
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Deriving formulae of compounds I

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps for writing formulae of compounds
- Derive formulae of simple ionic compounds
- Apply the cross-over method to write chemical formulae

- Discuss the steps for writing formulae of compounds
- Study worked examples on deriving formulae
- Practise writing formulae using the cross-over method

How do you write the formula of a compound?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 63
- Valency tables
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Deriving formulae of compounds II

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Derive formulae of compounds containing radicals
- Write formulae of compounds with transition elements
- Apply formulae writing skills to complex compounds

- Write formulae of compounds containing radicals
- Practise writing formulae of compounds with variable oxidation numbers
- Compare formulae with classmates for peer learning

How do you write the formula of a compound containing a radical?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 64
- Valency tables
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Writing balanced chemical equations I

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction
- Write word equations for chemical reactions
- Convert word equations to chemical equations

- Read information on parts of a chemical equation
- Identify reactants and products in given reactions
- Write word equations for simple chemical reactions

What are the parts of a chemical equation?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Charts showing chemical equations

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Writing balanced chemical equations I
Writing balanced chemical equations II

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction
- Write word equations for chemical reactions
- Convert word equations to chemical equations
- Write state symbols in chemical equations
- Balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients
- Apply the law of conservation of mass to balance equations

- Read information on parts of a chemical equation
- Identify reactants and products in given reactions
- Write word equations for simple chemical reactions
- Study the steps for balancing chemical equations
- Study worked examples on balancing equations
- Practise balancing simple chemical equations

What are the parts of a chemical equation?
How do you balance a chemical equation?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Charts showing chemical equations
- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 65
- Digital devices
- Practice worksheets

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation
- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Writing balanced chemical equations III

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with metals
- Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with carbonates
- Apply balancing skills to more complex reactions

- Write balanced equations for reactions involving acids
- Practise writing equations for reactions with carbonates
- Compare equations with classmates for peer learning

How do you write balanced equations for reactions involving acids?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Practice worksheets

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Writing balanced chemical equations III

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with metals
- Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with carbonates
- Apply balancing skills to more complex reactions

- Write balanced equations for reactions involving acids
- Practise writing equations for reactions with carbonates
- Compare equations with classmates for peer learning

How do you write balanced equations for reactions involving acids?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Practice worksheets

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Role of electron arrangement in the periodic table - Project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make a periodic table for the first 20 elements using locally available materials
- Explain the role of electron arrangement in the periodic table
- Apply creative skills to design and construct educational resources

- Use locally available materials to create a periodic table
- Include element names, symbols, atomic numbers and electron arrangements
- Display the periodic table for peer assessment

How does electron arrangement determine the organization of the periodic table?

- Access and Learn Chemistry Learner's Book pg. 67
- Manila paper or carton box
- Coloured pencils
- Flashcards

- Project assessment - Peer evaluation - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Role of valence electrons in bonding
Chemical Bonding - Types of chemical bonds
Chemical Bonding - The ionic chemical bond

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of valence electrons in bonding
- Identify the octet and duplet rule in bond formation
- Relate chemical bonding to everyday materials like plastics and metals
- Describe the formation of ionic bonds
- Illustrate electron transfer using dot and cross diagrams
- Relate ionic bonding to common substances like table salt

- Review the concept of stability of atoms (gaining and/or losing electrons)
- Discuss in groups the role of valence electrons in bonding (octet/duplet noble gas configuration)
- Use digital devices to watch animations on atomic stability
- Discuss the formation of ionic bonds between metals and non-metals
- Draw dot (.) and cross (x) diagrams to show ionic bonding
- Identify examples of ionic compounds

Why do atoms form bonds with other atoms?
How do metals and non-metals combine to form ionic compounds?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 70
- Digital devices
- Modelling clay or plasticine
- Wooden splints
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 71
- Charts showing bond types
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 72
- Charts showing ionic bond formation
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written exercises
- Written exercises - Observation - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Ionic bonding in sodium chloride and magnesium oxide
Chemical Bonding - Giant ionic structures and lattice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate ionic bonding in sodium chloride and magnesium oxide
- Draw Lewis structures for ionic compounds
- Connect ionic compounds to household items like cooking salt

- Use dot (.) and cross (x) diagrams to show electron donation and acceptance in NaCl and MgO
- Calculate net charges on ions formed
- Watch animations on ionic bond formation using digital devices

What holds sodium and chloride ions together in sodium chloride?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 73
- Digital devices
- Periodic table
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 76
- Modelling materials (clay, toothpicks)
- Charts of ionic lattices

- Written assignments - Practical observation - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Solubility of ionic compounds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate the solubility of ionic compounds
- Explain why ionic compounds dissolve in water
- Apply knowledge of solubility to dissolving salt in cooking

- Carry out experiments to investigate solubility of sodium chloride and copper (II) chloride in water and ethanol
- Record and discuss observations
- Relate solubility to polarity of water molecules

Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water but not in organic solvents?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 77
- Sodium chloride
- Copper (II) chloride
- Distilled water
- Ethanol
- Test tubes

- Practical report - Observation - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Thermal conductivity, melting and boiling points of ionic compounds
Chemical Bonding - Electrical conductivity in molten and aqueous ionic compounds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate thermal conductivity of ionic compounds
- Explain the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds
- Connect high melting points to industrial applications like furnace linings

- Carry out experiments to investigate thermal conductivity of ionic compounds
- Heat sodium chloride and copper (II) chloride and record observations
- Analyse data on melting and boiling points of ionic compounds

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 78
- Bunsen burner
- Test tubes
- Sodium chloride
- Copper (II) chloride
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 79
- Dry cells
- Bulb/ammeter
- Connecting wires
- Carbon rods
- Lead (II) bromide

- Practical report - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Uses of ionic compounds
Chemical Bonding - The covalent chemical bond

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline uses of ionic compounds
- Relate properties of ionic compounds to their uses
- Identify ionic compounds in everyday products like fertilizers and antacids
- Describe the formation of covalent bonds
- Illustrate single covalent bonds using dot and cross diagrams
- Connect covalent bonding to common molecules like water and oxygen

- Search for information on uses of ionic compounds using print or digital materials
- Discuss uses of sodium chloride, calcium carbonate and potassium nitrate
- Relate uses to specific properties
- Discuss how atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds
- Draw dot (.) and cross (x) diagrams for hydrogen and chlorine molecules
- Use modelling clay to represent covalent bonding

How are the properties of ionic compounds useful in everyday life?
How do non-metal atoms bond with each other?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 81
- Digital devices
- Samples of ionic compounds
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 82
- Modelling clay
- Wooden splints
- Charts showing covalent bonds

- Written assignments - Group presentations - Oral questions
- Written exercises - Observation - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Double and triple covalent bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate double and triple covalent bonds
- Draw Lewis structures for oxygen and nitrogen molecules
- Relate multiple bonds to atmospheric gases we breathe

- Use dot (.) and cross (x) diagrams to show double bonds in oxygen molecules
- Illustrate triple covalent bonds in nitrogen molecules
- Model multiple covalent bonds using locally available materials

Why do some molecules have double or triple bonds?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 83
- Modelling materials
- Charts of molecular structures

- Written exercises - Model assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Double and triple covalent bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate double and triple covalent bonds
- Draw Lewis structures for oxygen and nitrogen molecules
- Relate multiple bonds to atmospheric gases we breathe

- Use dot (.) and cross (x) diagrams to show double bonds in oxygen molecules
- Illustrate triple covalent bonds in nitrogen molecules
- Model multiple covalent bonds using locally available materials

Why do some molecules have double or triple bonds?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 83
- Modelling materials
- Charts of molecular structures

- Written exercises - Model assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Covalent bonding in ammonia and hydrogen chloride

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate covalent bonding in ammonia and hydrogen chloride molecules
- Identify lone pairs of electrons in molecules
- Connect molecular compounds to household chemicals like cleaning ammonia

- Draw dot (.) and cross (x) structures for ammonia and hydrogen chloride
- Identify shared pairs and lone pairs in molecules
- Discuss the shape of ammonia molecule

What is the role of lone pairs in covalent molecules?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 84
- Charts showing molecular structures
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Observation - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Dative covalent (coordinate) bonding
Chemical Bonding - Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the formation of dative covalent bonds
- Illustrate dative bonding in ammonium and hydroxonium ions
- Relate coordinate bonds to acid-base reactions in the stomach
- Differentiate between intermolecular and intramolecular forces
- Illustrate hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces
- Connect intermolecular forces to properties of water like surface tension

- Discuss how both shared electrons come from one atom in dative bonding
- Draw structures showing dative bonds in ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)
- Illustrate dative bonding in hydroxonium ion (H₃O⁺)
- Discuss types of intermolecular forces using print or digital materials
- Illustrate hydrogen bonding in water molecules using models
- Draw diagrams showing Van der Waals forces

How is a dative covalent bond different from an ordinary covalent bond?
Why does water have a relatively high boiling point compared to other small molecules?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 85
- Charts showing dative bonds
- Digital devices
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 86
- Modelling materials
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Written exercises - Model assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Differentiate between intermolecular and intramolecular forces
- Illustrate hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces
- Connect intermolecular forces to properties of water like surface tension

- Discuss types of intermolecular forces using print or digital materials
- Illustrate hydrogen bonding in water molecules using models
- Draw diagrams showing Van der Waals forces

Why does water have a relatively high boiling point compared to other small molecules?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 86
- Modelling materials
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Model assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Melting, boiling points and conductivity of molecular substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate melting and boiling points of molecular substances
- Explain why molecular substances have low melting points
- Relate molecular properties to everyday substances like sugar and wax

- Carry out experiments to determine melting point of naphthalene
- Investigate thermal and electrical conductivity of molecular substances
- Compare properties with ionic compounds

Why do molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 89
- Naphthalene
- Thermometer
- Bunsen burner
- Melting point tube

- Practical report - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Solubility and uses of molecular substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate solubility of molecular substances
- Relate uses of molecular substances to their properties
- Identify molecular substances in products like fuels and medicines

- Carry out experiments to investigate solubility of sulphur and sugar in water and ethanol
- Discuss uses of molecular substances related to their properties
- Search for information on applications of molecular compounds

Why do some molecular substances dissolve in organic solvents but not in water?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 92
- Sulphur powder
- Sugar crystals
- Distilled water
- Ethanol

- Practical report - Written assignments - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Giant atomic structure of diamond

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the giant atomic structure of diamond
- Model the structure of diamond using locally available materials
- Connect diamond's structure to its use in cutting tools and jewelry

- Discuss the tetrahedral structure of diamond
- Model a diamond structure using modelling clay and toothpicks
- Relate structure to properties (hardness, non-conductivity)

Why is diamond the hardest natural substance?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 93
- Modelling clay
- Toothpicks
- Charts of diamond structure

- Model assessment - Written exercises - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Giant atomic structure of graphite

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the layered structure of graphite
- Model the structure of graphite using locally available materials
- Relate graphite structure to its use in pencils and lubricants

- Discuss the hexagonal layered structure of graphite
- Model a graphite structure showing layers
- Explain why graphite conducts electricity while diamond does not

Why can graphite conduct electricity while diamond cannot?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 94
- Modelling clay
- Toothpicks
- Charts of graphite structure

- Model assessment - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Uses of diamond, graphite and silicon (IV) oxide

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline uses of diamond, graphite and silicon (IV) oxide
- Relate uses to their structural properties
- Identify applications in drilling, electronics and glass making

- Search for information on uses of giant atomic structures
- Discuss why diamond is used in drilling bits
- Explain the use of graphite as a lubricant and in electrodes

How do the structures of diamond and graphite determine their uses?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 96
- Digital devices
- Charts showing applications

- Written assignments - Group presentations - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Metallic bonding and delocalised electrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the formation of metallic bonds
- Illustrate the sea of delocalised electrons model
- Relate metallic bonding to properties of metals used in wiring and construction

- Discuss how metallic bonds form through electron delocalisation
- Draw diagrams showing metallic bonding in sodium, magnesium and aluminium
- Explain the concept of positive ions in a sea of electrons

Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 97
- Charts showing metallic bonding
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Metallic bonding and delocalised electrons
Chemical Bonding - Physical properties of giant metallic structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the formation of metallic bonds
- Illustrate the sea of delocalised electrons model
- Relate metallic bonding to properties of metals used in wiring and construction
- Describe physical properties of metallic structures
- Investigate thermal conductivity of metals
- Connect metallic properties to uses in cooking utensils and electrical wires

- Discuss how metallic bonds form through electron delocalisation
- Draw diagrams showing metallic bonding in sodium, magnesium and aluminium
- Explain the concept of positive ions in a sea of electrons
- Investigate thermal conductivity by comparing metal and wood pieces in sunlight
- Discuss high melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility and conductivity
- Analyse data on melting points of different metals

Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat?
Why are metals malleable and ductile?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 97
- Charts showing metallic bonding
- Digital devices
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 99
- Metal and wood pieces
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation
- Practical observation - Written exercises - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Uses of metallic structures related to properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline uses of metallic structures
- Relate uses of metals to their bond type and properties
- Identify applications of metals in vehicles, buildings and electronics

- Search for information on uses of metallic structures
- Complete a table relating substances, bond types, properties and uses
- Discuss uses of copper, aluminium and iron in daily life

How does metallic bonding make metals suitable for electrical wiring?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 101
- Digital devices
- Samples of metal products

- Written assignments - Group presentations - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Introduction to periodic properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define periodicity and periodic properties
- Identify atomic size, ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity
- Relate periodic trends to arrangement of elements in the periodic table

- Search for information on periodic properties using print or digital materials
- Discuss the meaning of atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity
- Study sample periodic tables to identify patterns

What causes the repeating pattern of properties in the periodic table?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 104
- Periodic table charts
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Physical appearance and density of group I elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the physical appearance of group I elements
- Observe and record properties of sodium metal
- Connect alkali metals to applications like sodium lamps in street lighting

- Observe the colour of sodium metal stored under paraffin
- Cut sodium metal and compare freshly cut surface to stored metal
- Watch videos on properties of group I metals
- Analyse densities of alkali metals

Why are alkali metals stored under oil or paraffin?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 106
- Sodium metal
- Scalpel blade
- Petri dish
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical report - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Gradation in size of atoms and ions of group I elements
Periodicity - Ionisation energy and electronegativity of group I elements
Periodicity - Melting, boiling points and electrical conductivity of group I elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the trend in atomic and ionic radii of group I elements
- Draw electron arrangements of group I atoms and ions
- Relate atomic size to the number of energy levels in atoms
- Describe trends in melting and boiling points of group I elements
- Investigate electrical conductivity of alkali metals
- Relate conductivity to use of sodium in sodium-vapour lamps

- Draw dot (.) and cross (x) structures of lithium, sodium and potassium atoms and ions
- Compare atomic and ionic radii of group I elements
- Analyse data on atomic and ionic radii trends
- Analyse data on melting and boiling points of group I elements
- Set up apparatus to investigate electrical conductivity of lithium and sodium
- Discuss the relationship between metallic bond strength and melting points

Why is the ionic radius of sodium smaller than its atomic radius?
Why do melting points decrease down group I elements?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 107
- Periodic table
- Graph paper
- Digital devices
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 108
- Data tables
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 110
- Connecting wires
- Dry cells
- Bulb
- Sodium metal
- Lithium metal

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Practical report - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reactions of group I elements with oxygen
Periodicity - Reactions of group I elements with chlorine and cold water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Investigate reactions of lithium and sodium with oxygen
- Write balanced equations for reactions with oxygen
- Relate metal oxide formation to rusting and corrosion processes

- Burn lithium and sodium in gas jars of oxygen
- Test products with litmus paper to determine nature of oxides
- Write chemical equations for reactions
- Compare reactivity of different alkali metals

What type of oxides do alkali metals form when they burn in oxygen?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 112
- Gas jar of oxygen
- Deflagrating spoon
- Bunsen burner
- Lithium and sodium metals
- Litmus paper
- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 114
- Chlorine gas
- Cold water
- Beakers

- Practical report - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Applications of group I elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline applications of group I elements
- Relate properties to specific uses
- Identify uses in batteries, street lights, medicine and photography

- Search for information on applications of group I elements using print or digital materials
- Discuss uses of lithium in batteries, sodium in lamps, potassium in fertilizers
- Create presentations on applications

How are the properties of alkali metals utilised in modern technology?

- Access & Learn Chemistry Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 117
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written assignments - Group presentations - Oral questions