Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Meaning of materials used in production
Introduction to Materials - Examples of materials used in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make different items
- Show interest in learning about materials for production

- Discuss the meaning of materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (furniture, clothing, containers)
- Search online or in relevant print media for information on materials used in production

What are materials used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 43
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 44
- Realia (wood, metal, plastic samples)
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Distinguishing metallic and non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials
- Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic materials in the locality
- Value the unique properties of different materials

- Study pictures showing metallic and non-metallic materials
- Discuss which materials are hard to break and which can be bent without breaking
- Take a walk in school compound and community to identify and group materials as metallic or non-metallic

What are the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 45
- Metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, paper)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Sustainable use of materials in production
Introduction to Materials - Importance of materials in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe sustainable ways of using materials in production
- Apply sustainable practices such as reduce, reuse and recycle
- Appreciate the importance of using materials sustainably

- Discuss how to use materials sustainably (reduce waste, reuse, recycle)
- Discuss using renewable materials and energy-efficient methods
- Make notes and present on sustainable ways of using materials in production

How can we use materials in production sustainably?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 47
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 48
- Classroom items
- Internet access
- Charts

- Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Application of materials in everyday items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify how different materials are used in making items
- Create a poster showing uses of different materials
- Value the contribution of materials to our daily lives

- Create a poster showing how different materials are used in making items
- Write down the importance of materials used
- Take turns to present posters to classmates for discussion

How do materials contribute to the items we use every day?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 49
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Types of metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper) used in the immediate environment
- Match metallic materials to items made from them
- Show interest in learning about metals

- Study pictures showing items made from steel, aluminium and copper
- Discuss items made using steel, aluminium and copper
- Search on internet or print materials for information on metallic materials

What types of metallic materials are found in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 50
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Metallic samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Identifying metallic materials in the environment
Metallic Materials - Appearance and colour of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe metallic materials found in the school and community
- Prepare a checklist for identifying types of metallic materials
- Appreciate the presence of metals in our surroundings

- Take a walk around school or community and identify items made of metal
- Identify the type of metallic materials used to make the items
- Record findings in a table showing item name, location, type of metal and use

How can we identify metallic materials in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 51
- School environment
- Exercise books
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- Steel spoon
- Aluminium can
- Copper wire

- Observation - Checklist - Field notes

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Weight and flexibility of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the weight and flexibility of metallic materials
- Compare the weight and flexibility of steel, aluminium and copper
- Appreciate the different physical properties of metals

- Hold or weigh equal-sized samples of steel, aluminium and copper
- Identify which metal is light, slightly heavy or heavy
- Try bending each metal and observe which is easy or hard to bend

How do metals differ in weight and flexibility?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- Steel samples
- Aluminium samples
- Copper samples

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Magnetism of metals
Metallic Materials - Conductivity of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain magnetism as a property of some metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test magnetism of metals
- Show curiosity in discovering magnetic properties of metals

- Use a magnet to test for magnetism of steel, aluminium and copper
- Observe and note which materials are attracted to the magnet
- Share findings with other members in class

Which metals are attracted to magnets?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53
- Magnets
- Steel, aluminium and copper samples
- Metal rods (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Source of heat
- Safety gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Conductivity of electricity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain conductivity of electricity as a property of metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test electrical conductivity of metals
- Appreciate the use of metals in electrical applications

- Set up a simple circuit with a bulb, cell and connecting wires
- Connect aluminium, steel and copper rods in turns as the material being tested
- Observe which material when connected makes the bulb light

Which metals conduct electricity best?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Bulb
- Cell
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Properties of steel, aluminium and copper
Metallic Materials - Uses of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the properties of steel, aluminium and copper
- Compare the properties of different metallic materials
- Value the unique characteristics of each metal

- Discuss properties of steel (strong, grey colour, magnetic, poor conductor)
- Discuss properties of aluminium (rust-resistant, silvery, light, non-magnetic)
- Discuss properties of copper (reddish-brown, non-magnetic, excellent conductor)

What are the unique properties of steel, aluminium and copper?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Charts
- Metal samples
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- School environment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Matching metals to their applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Relate metallic materials to their specific applications
- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Value the contribution of metals to construction and technology

- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Present work to classmates
- Make a chart showing more uses of steel, aluminium and copper

Why are different metals suitable for different uses?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Meaning and examples of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define non-metallic materials
- Identify non-metallic materials found in the locality
- Show interest in learning about non-metallic materials

- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (wooden furniture, plastic containers, glass windows)
- Find out from internet or print materials the meaning of non-metallic material
- Discuss examples of non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics, stone, cement, paper)

What are non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 56
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Non-metallic samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying non-metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe non-metallic materials found in the school environment
- Identify items made from non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the variety of non-metallic materials around us

- Take a walk around school environment
- Identify non-metallic materials in school compound
- List non-metallic materials found and share findings with peers

What non-metallic materials can we find in our school?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 57
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Observation - Field notes - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Natural and synthetic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the difference between natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Categorise non-metallic materials as either natural or synthetic
- Value both natural and synthetic materials in production

- Read and discuss definitions of synthetic and natural materials
- Categorise materials as natural (wood, cotton, leather, wool) or synthetic (plastic, rubber, cement, glass, ceramics, nylon)
- Sort non-metallic materials in the environment as natural or synthetic

What is the difference between natural and synthetic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Natural material samples
- Synthetic material samples
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Sorting activities

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying natural and synthetic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Colour and texture of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify natural and synthetic materials in the environment
- Create a poster showing natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the sources of different materials

- Identify non-metallic materials in the environment
- Categorise materials as natural or synthetic
- Take pictures of materials and make a poster to share with peers

How can we identify natural and synthetic materials around us?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Environment
- Camera/phone
- Chart papers
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Wood, stone, plastic, paper, rubber, cement, glass, ceramic samples

- Poster making - Observation - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Hardness of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain hardness as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform hardness test on non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the varying hardness of different materials

- Use a metal nail to scratch each material lightly
- Observe which materials scratch easily and which resist scratching
- Classify materials as soft (scratch easily) or hard (resist scratching) and record results

Which non-metallic materials are hard and which are soft?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Metal nail
- Non-metallic material samples
- Gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Fire resistance of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Summary of physical properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain fire resistance as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform fire resistance test on non-metallic materials
- Value safety precautions when working with fire

- Light a candle and hold each material over the flame using tongs
- Observe how each material reacts (catches fire, melts or changes colour)
- Create a summary table showing fire resistance of each material

Which non-metallic materials are fire resistant?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 60
- Candle
- Tongs
- Non-metallic material samples
- Safety gloves
- Summary table
- Exercise books

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper in the locality
- Match non-metallic materials to their uses
- Value the contribution of non-metallic materials to everyday life

- Discuss uses of wood (furniture, flooring, construction)
- Discuss uses of stone (building foundations, walling, landscaping)
- Discuss uses of plastics (bottles, packaging, household items) and paper (books, newspapers, packaging)

How are wood, stone, plastics and paper used in our locality?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Matching activities

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics in the locality
- Relate non-metallic materials to their applications
- Appreciate the importance of non-metallic materials in production

- Discuss uses of rubber (tires, footwear, seals)
- Discuss uses of cement (constructing buildings, making roads)
- Discuss uses of glass (windows, bottles, decorative items) and ceramics (tiles, pottery, kitchenware)
- Write summary of uses of non-metallic materials in production

How are rubber, cement, glass and ceramics used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify measuring tools used to perform tasks
- Name examples of measuring tools (tape measure, steel rule, callipers, weighing balance, stopwatch, ammeter, voltmeter)
- Show interest in learning about measuring tools

- Read the names of measuring tools from pictures
- Discuss what measuring tools are used for
- Find out more information from internet or print materials about measuring tools

What are measuring tools and what are they used for?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 63
- Pictures
- Realia (measuring tools)

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Choosing appropriate measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify marking out tools used to perform tasks
- Name examples of marking out tools (divider, try-square, marking gauge, dot punch, scriber, pencil, marking knife)
- Appreciate the importance of marking out tools

- Read the names of marking out tools from pictures
- Discuss what each marking out tool is used for
- Find out more information from internet or print materials about marking out tools

What are marking out tools and how are they used?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 65
- Pictures
- Realia (marking out tools)
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 66
- Measuring tools
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Choosing appropriate marking out tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to select appropriate marking out tools for a given task
- Choose the right marking out tool for different marking tasks
- Appreciate the role of marking out tools in achieving accuracy

- Discuss which tool to use for marking equal distances, checking right angles, marking parallel lines
- Discuss which tool to use for marking centre of circle, marking on metal, drawing guidelines
- Search online or in print materials for more information on use of marking out tools

How do we select the right marking out tool for a task?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 68
- Marking out tools
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a tape measure
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a steel rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a tape measure
- Use a tape measure to measure length of objects
- Value accuracy when taking measurements

- Extend the tape and position the end hook at starting point
- Measure the length ensuring tape remains straight and tight
- Read and record the measurement, then retract the tape

How do we use a tape measure correctly?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 69
- Tape measure
- Piece of wood
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 70
- Steel rule
- Piece of wood
- Pencil

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using callipers to measure external diameter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use vernier callipers to measure external diameter
- Use vernier callipers to measure external diameter of objects
- Show interest in precision measurement

- Zero the callipers before measuring
- Open the bigger jaws and place them around a pipe
- Read and record the main scale reading and vernier scale reading

How do we use callipers to measure external diameter?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 70
- Vernier callipers
- Small pipe

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using callipers to measure internal diameter and depth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to measure internal diameter and depth using callipers
- Use vernier callipers to measure internal diameter and depth of objects
- Value the versatility of callipers

- Use smaller inside jaws to measure internal diameter of a beaker
- Extend the depth gauge to measure depth of beaker
- Read and record main scale and vernier scale readings

How do we measure internal diameter and depth using callipers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 71
- Vernier callipers
- Beaker

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a stopwatch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a stopwatch
- Use a stopwatch to time activities
- Appreciate the importance of accurate timing

- Take turns to name measuring and marking out tools while timing each other
- Start timing by pressing 'start' button
- Stop timing with 'stop' button, read and record time, reset to zero

How do we use a stopwatch to measure time?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 72
- Stopwatch

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using an ammeter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use an ammeter
- Use an ammeter to measure current in a circuit
- Show interest in electrical measurements

- Set up a circuit with ammeter, dry cells, connecting wires and bulb
- Connect ammeter in series with positive terminal to power source
- Read and record the current measurement

How do we use an ammeter to measure electric current?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 72
- Ammeter
- Dry cells
- Connecting wires
- Bulb

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a voltmeter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a voltmeter
- Use a voltmeter to measure voltage in a circuit
- Value safety when working with electrical equipment

- Set up a circuit with voltmeter, cells, connecting wires and bulb
- Connect voltmeter in parallel with positive terminal to more positive point
- Read and record the voltage displayed

How do we use a voltmeter to measure voltage?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 73
- Voltmeter
- Cells
- Connecting wires
- Bulb

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a divider

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a divider
- Use a divider to mark equal distances on a workpiece
- Appreciate the precision of marking out tools

- Open or close the legs of the divider using the hinge
- Adjust the length to 10 cm by aligning to steel rule
- Mark the same measurement on surface of wood

How do we use a divider to mark equal distances?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 74
- Divider
- Steel rule
- Piece of wood
- Pencil

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a divider

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a divider
- Use a divider to mark equal distances on a workpiece
- Appreciate the precision of marking out tools

- Open or close the legs of the divider using the hinge
- Adjust the length to 10 cm by aligning to steel rule
- Mark the same measurement on surface of wood

How do we use a divider to mark equal distances?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 74
- Divider
- Steel rule
- Piece of wood
- Pencil

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a try-square

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a try-square
- Use a try-square to check for squareness and mark 90-degree lines
- Value accuracy in woodworking tasks

- Place the stock of try-square against edge of wood to check squareness
- Check if surface aligns perfectly with blade (no gap means square)
- Use try-square to mark a 90-degree perpendicular line

How do we use a try-square to check for squareness?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 75
- Try-square
- Pieces of wood
- Pencil

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a marking gauge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a marking gauge
- Use a marking gauge to mark parallel lines on a workpiece
- Show interest in precision marking techniques

- Loosen locking screw and slide fence to set length (5 cm)
- Use ruler to measure length and tighten screw to lock fence
- Place fence against edge of wood and scribe a parallel line

How do we use a marking gauge to mark parallel lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 76
- Marking gauge
- Steel rule
- Piece of wood

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a dot punch and scriber

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a dot punch and scriber
- Use a dot punch and scriber to make marks on materials
- Value safety when using marking out tools

- Mark places on wood using pencil, then use dot punch to create indentations
- Hold dot punch vertically and tap lightly with hammer
- Use scriber to scratch fine lines on metal along a ruler

How do we use a dot punch and scriber for marking?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 77
- Dot punch
- Scriber
- Hammer
- Metal piece
- Steel rule

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a dot punch and scriber

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a dot punch and scriber
- Use a dot punch and scriber to make marks on materials
- Value safety when using marking out tools

- Mark places on wood using pencil, then use dot punch to create indentations
- Hold dot punch vertically and tap lightly with hammer
- Use scriber to scratch fine lines on metal along a ruler

How do we use a dot punch and scriber for marking?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 77
- Dot punch
- Scriber
- Hammer
- Metal piece
- Steel rule

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a marking knife

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a marking knife
- Use a marking knife to make clean, sharp lines on wood
- Appreciate the importance of precise marking for cutting

- Make a straight line on wood using pencil and ruler
- Place ruler along desired line and hold marking knife with bevel facing cut area
- Run marking knife along straight edge with light pressure, then deepen the mark

How do we use a marking knife to mark cutting lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 78
- Marking knife
- Straight edge ruler
- Piece of wood
- Pencil

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Caring for tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to care for measuring and marking out tools
- Practise proper care and maintenance of tools
- Value the importance of tool maintenance

- Clean tools using soft cloth and brushes
- Practise storing tools in safe places
- Check tools to make sure they are working correctly

Why is it important to care for measuring and marking out tools?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 79
- Measuring and marking out tools
- Cleaning supplies
- Lubricants

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Importance of tools when performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of measuring and marking out tools when performing tasks
- Create a chart showing the importance of these tools
- Recognise the value of accurate measurement and marking

- Search online for importance of marking out tools and measuring tools
- Create a chart of the importance of tools when performing tasks
- Display chart in classroom for feedback

Why are measuring and marking out tools important?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 83
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Internet access

- Chart making - Presentations - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Importance of tools when performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of measuring and marking out tools when performing tasks
- Create a chart showing the importance of these tools
- Recognise the value of accurate measurement and marking

- Search online for importance of marking out tools and measuring tools
- Create a chart of the importance of tools when performing tasks
- Display chart in classroom for feedback

Why are measuring and marking out tools important?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 83
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Internet access

- Chart making - Presentations - Oral questions