Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - The sky during the day

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Observe the appearance of the sky during the day 
- Identify objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Appreciate the beauty of the sky during the day

- Observe the sky outside the classroom and identify what they see 
- Discuss objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Draw and color objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Manipulate digital devices to watch video clips of the sky during the day

How does the sky appear during the day?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 60 
- Digital devices 
- Pictures showing the sky during the day

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Drawing assessment

Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - The sky during the day
Weather and the Sky - The sky at night
Weather and the Sky - The sky at night

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Name objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Draw objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Show interest in observing the sky during the day

- Name objects seen in the sky during the day such as the sun and clouds 
- Draw and color pictures of objects seen in the sky during the day 
- Display their drawings of sky objects for peer assessment

What objects can we see in the sky during the day?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 61 
- Charts showing the sky during the day 
- Drawing materials
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 62 
- Digital devices 
- Pictures showing the sky at night
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1, pg. 63 
- Drawing materials 
- Digital devices

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Peer assessment of drawings

Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - The weather
Weather and the Sky - Recording the weather

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify different types of weather in the locality 
- Name different types of weather 
- Appreciate different weather conditions

- Observe pictures showing different types of weather 
- Identify different types of weather such as sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy, and calm 
- Discuss how different weather conditions feel

How many types of weather do you know?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 64 
- Pictures showing different types of weather 
- Charts
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 65 
- Drawing materials 
- Pictures showing weather conditions
- Weather charts 
- Drawing materials

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - Recording the weather

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Create a weather chart 
- Record weather conditions for morning and afternoon 
- Show interest in weather patterns

- Create a weather chart for recording morning and afternoon weather 
- Record the weather conditions for morning and afternoon 
- Compare morning and afternoon weather conditions

How does weather change during the day?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 66 
- Weather charts 
- Drawing materials
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 67 
- Weekly weather chart 

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Weather charts assessment

Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - Recording the weather
Weather and the Sky - Weather role play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Complete a weekly weather chart 
- Interpret a weekly weather chart 
- Show interest in weekly weather patterns

- Continue recording daily weather on the weekly chart 
- Complete the weekly weather chart 
- Share and discuss completed weekly weather charts 
- Interpret weather patterns from their charts

What did we learn from our weekly weather chart?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 67 
- Completed weekly weather charts 
- Drawing materials
- Open space for role-play 
- Props for role-play

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Weekly chart interpretation

Natural Environment

Weather and the Sky - Weather and daily activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify appropriate activities for different weather conditions 
- Choose appropriate clothing for different weather conditions 
- Appreciate how weather affects daily choices

- Discuss appropriate activities for different weather conditions 
- Match clothing items to different weather conditions 
- Role-play preparing for different weather conditions 
- Create a poster showing weather-appropriate activities

How does weather affect what we wear and do?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 67 
- Pictures of different clothing items 
- Pictures showing different activities

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Role-play assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Playing with soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify different ways of playing with soil 
- Name activities done with soil for enjoyment 
- Show interest in playing with soil

- Observe pictures showing children playing with soil 
- Discuss different ways of playing with soil 
- Share experiences of playing with soil

Why do children enjoy playing with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 68 
- Pictures showing children playing with soil 
- Digital devices
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 69 
- Different soil samples 
- Drawing materials

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Discussion assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Playing with soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Play with soil in different ways 
- Fill and empty containers with soil 
- Appreciate safety when playing with soil

- Fill and empty containers with soil in turns 
- Make shapes in soil 
- Practice drawing in soil 
- Observe safety measures when playing with soil

What fun things can you do with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 69 
- Soil 
- Containers 
- Open space

- Observation  - Practical assessment  - Peer assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Playing with soil
Soil - Making models with soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Make balls using soil 
- Draw shapes in soil 
- Develop creativity when playing with soil

- Make balls using soil 
- Draw different shapes in soil 
- Create patterns using soil 
- Observe safety measures when playing with soil

What shapes can you make with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 70 
- Soil 
- Open space 
- Water
- Pictures of soil models 
- Sample models made from soil

- Observation  - Practical assessment  - Creativity assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Making models with soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Prepare soil for modelling 
- Make simple models using soil 
- Show creativity in modelling with soil

- Prepare soil for modelling by adding water 
- Demonstrate how to model simple objects 
- Make simple models like balls using soil

How do you prepare soil for modelling?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 71 
- Soil 
- Water 
- Containers

- Observation  - Practical assessment  - Models assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Making models with soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Model different objects using soil 
- Sing songs while modelling with soil 
- Enjoy the creative process of modelling

- Model different objects using soil 
- Sing songs while modelling 
- Display models for peer assessment 
- Clean up after modelling activities

What objects can you model with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 71 
- Soil 
- Water 
- Modelling tools

- Observation  - Models assessment  - Peer assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Making models with soil
Soil - Playing with soil safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Complete soil models 
- Clean up after modelling activities 
- Practice hand washing after soil activities

- Complete making models with soil 
- Let models dry 
- Clean up the working area after modelling 
- Wash hands with soap and water after modelling

Why should we wash our hands after playing with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 72 
- Completed soil models 
- Water 
- Soap
- Charts showing safety when playing with soil 

- Observation  - Models assessment  - Hand washing assessment

Natural Environment

Soil - Making soil patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Create patterns using soil and paint 
- Apply soil art techniques 
- Show creativity in soil art

- Observe demonstration on making patterns with soil and paint 
- Create various patterns using soil and paint 
- Display soil art patterns 
- Clean up after art activities

What patterns can you make with soil?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 72 
- Soil 
- Paint 
- Paper 
- Water

- Observation  - Art patterns assessment  - Creativity assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Sounds around us
Sound - Sounds from people

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify sounds in the immediate environment 
- Listen to sounds in the environment 
- Appreciate the variety of sounds in the environment

- Take a sound walk in the immediate environment 
- Listen to different sounds around the school 
- Identify and discuss sounds heard during the sound walk

What sounds can you hear around you?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 73 
- School environment 
- Open space
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 74 
- Pictures showing people making sounds 
- Audio recordings of human sounds

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Listening assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Sounds from machines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify sounds made by machines 
- Imitate sounds made by machines 
- Appreciate the role of machines in daily life

- Observe pictures of different machines 
- Identify sounds made by various machines 
- Imitate sounds made by machines 
- Discuss machines found at home and school

What sounds do machines make?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 75 
- Pictures of machines 
- Audio recordings of machine sounds

- Observation  - Sound imitation assessment  - Group assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Sounds from animals
Sound - Sounds from natural sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify sounds made by animals 
- Imitate sounds made by animals 
- Show interest in animal sounds

- Observe pictures of different animals 
- Identify sounds made by various animals 
- Imitate sounds made by domestic animals 
- Play animal sound guessing games

How do animals communicate?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 75 
- Pictures of animals 
- Audio recordings of animal sounds
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 76 
- Pictures of natural sources 
- Audio recordings of natural sounds

- Observation  - Sound imitation assessment  - Game participation assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Making sound by plucking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Create sounds by plucking objects 
- Identify instruments that make sound by plucking 
- Show interest in creating sounds by plucking

- Demonstrate making sounds by plucking a rubber band 
- Practice making sounds by plucking various objects 
- Identify musical instruments that make sound by plucking 
- Listen to sounds made by plucking instruments

How can we make sounds by plucking?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 77 
- Rubber bands 
- Pictures of string instruments 
- Audio recordings of plucking sounds

- Observation  - Sound production assessment  - Practical assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Making sound by hitting
Sound - Making sound by blowing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Create sounds by hitting objects 
- Identify instruments that make sound by hitting 
- Enjoy creating sounds by hitting

- Demonstrate making sounds by hitting objects 
- Practice making sounds by hitting various objects 
- Identify musical instruments that make sound by hitting 
- Create and play simple percussion instruments

How can we make sounds by hitting?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 78 
- Objects for hitting 
- Pictures of percussion instruments 
- Audio recordings of hitting sounds
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 79 
- Clean bottles 
- Pictures of wind instruments 
- Audio recordings of blowing sounds

- Observation  - Sound production assessment  - Practical assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Making sound by shaking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Create sounds by shaking objects 
- Make a simple shaker 
- Enjoy creating sounds by shaking

- Demonstrate making sounds by shaking objects 
- Make a simple shaker using a tin and small stones 
- Practice making sounds with shakers 
- Identify musical instruments that make sound by shaking

How can we make sounds by shaking?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 80 
- Tins 
- Small stones 
- Pictures of shaker instruments

- Observation  - Shaker making assessment  - Sound production assessment

Natural Environment

Sound - Warning sounds
Sound - Sources of loud sounds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify warning sounds in the environment 
- Demonstrate warning sounds 
- Recognize the importance of warning sounds

- Observe pictures showing sources of warning sounds 
- Identify warning sounds like police sirens, dog barking, whistles 
- Demonstrate different warning sounds 
- Discuss the importance of warning sounds

Why are warning sounds important?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 82 
- Pictures showing warning sounds 
- Audio recordings of warning sounds
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 84 
- Pictures showing sources of loud sounds 
- Audio recordings of loud sounds

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Sound identification assessment

Natural Environment
Resources in Our Environment

Sound - Dangers of loud sounds
Water - Sources of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify dangers of loud sounds 
- State ways of keeping safe from loud sounds 
- Appreciate the need to protect oneself from loud sounds

- Observe pictures showing dangers of loud sounds 
- Identify dangers of loud sounds like headaches and hearing loss 
- Discuss ways of keeping safe from loud sounds 
- Demonstrate methods of protecting ears from loud sounds

How can loud sounds harm us?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 85 
- Pictures showing dangers of loud sounds 
- Charts on ear protection
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 89 
- Pictures of water sources 
- Digital devices 
- Video clips

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Discussion assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Sources of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify additional sources of water 
- Name sources like lakes, oceans, and boreholes 
- Show interest in water sources

- Observe pictures showing additional sources of water 
- Identify sources such as lakes, oceans, and boreholes 
- Name the sources of water shown in pictures 
- Discuss importance of different water sources

What other places can we get water from?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 90 
- Pictures of water sources 
- Charts 
- Digital devices
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 91 
- Drawing materials 
- Coloring materials 
- Sample drawings
- Modelling materials 
- Sample models 
- Clay

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Uses of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify uses of water at home 
- Name uses of water at home 
- Appreciate the importance of water at home

- Observe pictures showing uses of water at home 
- Identify uses of water such as drinking, washing clothes, and farming 
- Discuss how water is used at home 
- Share personal experiences of water use at home

How do you use water at home?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 92 
- Pictures showing uses of water 
- Charts 
- Digital devices
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 93 
- Role-play materials
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 94 
- Pictures showing uses of water at school 
- School environment 
- Charts

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Uses of water
Water - Careful use of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify additional uses of water at school 
- Name uses like cooking and swimming 
- Appreciate the value of water at school

- Observe pictures showing additional uses of water at school 
- Identify uses such as cooking food and swimming 
- Discuss importance of water for school activities 
- Make a chart showing uses of water at school

What other activities at school need water?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 95 
- Pictures showing uses of water 
- Charts 
- Drawing materials
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 96 
- Pictures showing water use 
- Digital devices

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Chart assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Careful use of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Describe ways to use water carefully 
- Demonstrate careful use of water 
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Observe pictures showing examples of careful water use 
- Identify ways of using water carefully such as reusing rinsing water 
- Demonstrate careful use of water 
- Discuss personal experiences of water conservation

Why should we not waste water?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 97 
- Pictures showing careful water use 
- Water containers 
- Charts
- Role-play materials 
- Open space

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Demonstration assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Careful use of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Draw a poster on water conservation 
- Color a water conservation poster 
- Develop responsibility in water conservation

- Observe a sample water conservation poster 
- Draw a water conservation poster 
- Color the water conservation poster 
- Present posters to classmates

How can you teach others to save water?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 98 
- Sample posters 
- Drawing materials 
- Coloring materials

- Observation  - Poster assessment  - Peer assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Water - Sources and uses of water
Water - Water conservation project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Recall sources of water 
- Name uses of water 
- Value water as an important resource

- Review sources of water through a game 
- Discuss various uses of water 
- Create a mind map of water sources and uses 
- Share experiences of water conservation

Why is water important to us?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 98 
- Pictures of water sources 
- Charts showing water uses 
- Drawing materials
- Water conservation charts 
- Project materials 
- School environment

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Mind map assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify different types of plants 
- Observe plants in the environment 
- Appreciate plant diversity

- Observe pictures of different plants 
- Take a nature walk to observe plants 
- Identify different types of plants 
- Discuss the diversity of plants in the environment

What types of plants do you know?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 99 
- Pictures of plants 
- School garden 
- Nature corner

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify plants in the school environment 
- Name different plants 
- Show interest in plants

- Observe pictures of different plants 
- Identify plants such as mango, maize, rose, grass, beans, and banana 
- Name plants found in the school environment 
- Collect small plants for observation

How many plants can you name?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 100 
- Pictures of plants 
- School garden 
- Plant specimens
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 101 
- Pictures showing plant parts 
- Real plants 
- Charts

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Naming assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Collect and observe small plants 
- Show parts of a plant 
- Develop curiosity about plant structure

- Carefully collect small plants 
- Observe and identify parts of the collected plants 
- Show parts of the plants to classmates 
- Discuss functions of different plant parts

Why do plants have different parts?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 102 
- Small plants 
- Magnifying glasses 
- Charts

- Observation  - Practical assessment  - Peer assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Draw parts of a plant 
- Label parts of a plant 
- Show interest in plant structure

- Observe a sample drawing of a plant with its parts 
- Draw a plant with its parts 
- Label parts of the plant drawn 
- Color the plant drawing 
- Display drawings for peer assessment

How can you show the parts of a plant?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 102 
- Sample drawing 
- Drawing materials 
- Coloring materials

- Observation  - Drawing assessment  - Labelling assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Caring for plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify plants in a school garden 
- Name plants in a school garden 
- Value plants in the environment

- Observe a picture of a school garden 
- Identify different plants in the garden 
- Name plants grown in the school garden 
- Discuss the importance of a school garden

What plants can we grow in our school garden?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 103 
- Pictures of a school garden 
- School garden 
- Charts
- Seeds 
- Gardening tools

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Caring for plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify ways of caring for plants 
- Demonstrate watering plants 
- Develop responsibility in plant care

- Observe a picture showing a child caring for plants 
- Identify ways of caring for plants 
- Demonstrate how to make a simple watering can 
- Practice watering plants in the school garden

How can you take care of plants?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 104 
- Pictures showing plant care 
- Plastic bottles 
- Water 
- School garden

- Observation  - Practical assessment  - Demonstration assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Plants - Caring for plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Recite a poem about caring for plants 
- Share the poem with others 
- Appreciate the importance of plants

- Listen to a poem about caring for plants 
- Recite the poem about caring for plants 
- Discuss the message in the poem 
- Share the poem with family members

Why should we care for plants?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 104 
- Poem about plants 
- Charts 
- Pictures of plants
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 105 
- Pictures showing plant benefits 
- Drawing materials

- Observation  - Recitation assessment  - Discussion assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - The animals found at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify domestic animals 
- Name domestic animals 
- Appreciate domestic animals

- Observe pictures of different domestic animals 
- Identify animals such as cow, hen, dog, sheep, horse, and camel 
- Name the domestic animals shown in pictures 
- Discuss different types of domestic animals

What animals do people keep at home?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 106 
- Pictures of domestic animals 
- Charts 
- Digital devices

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - The animals found at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify more domestic animals 
- Distinguish between big and small domestic animals 
- Show interest in domestic animals

- Observe additional pictures of domestic animals 
- Identify animals such as rabbit, duck, cat, goat, and donkey 
- Classify domestic animals as big or small 
- Share experiences with domestic animals

How can we group domestic animals?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 107 
- Pictures of domestic animals 
- Charts 
- Animal models
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 108 
- Places with domestic animals 
- Observation checklist 
- Safety guidelines

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Classification assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - Domestic animals used as food

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify domestic animals used as food 
- Name food products from domestic animals 
- Appreciate animals as sources of food

- Observe pictures of domestic animals used as food 
- Identify animals that provide food 
- Name food products obtained from domestic animals 
- Match domestic animals with their food products

What foods do we get from animals?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 108 
- Pictures of domestic animals 
- Food products chart 
- Matching cards

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Matching assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - Domestic animals used as food

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Complete a table on animals and their food products 
- Match animals with their food products 
- Value animals as food sources

- Complete a table showing domestic animals and their food products 
- Match animals with their food products 
- Share completed tables with classmates 
- Discuss importance of animal-based foods

Why are animal foods important?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 109 
- Table templates 
- Pictures of animals 
- Pictures of food products
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 110 
- Sample drawing 
- Drawing materials 
- Coloring materials

- Observation  - Table completion assessment  - Peer assessment

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - Caring for domestic animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Identify ways of caring for domestic animals 
- Name ways to care for domestic animals 
- Show responsibility in animal care

- Observe pictures showing ways of caring for domestic animals 
- Identify ways of caring for animals such as feeding, watering, healthcare, and cleaning 
- Discuss importance of caring for domestic animals

How do you care for animals at home?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 110 
- Pictures showing animal care 
- Charts 
- Digital devices

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Group discussions

Resources in Our Environment

Animals - Caring for domestic animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
 
- Watch a video on caring for animals 
- Identify ways of caring for animals 
- Appreciate the importance of animal care

- Watch a video about caring for domestic animals 
- Identify ways of caring for animals shown in the video 
- Discuss additional ways of caring for domestic animals 
- Share personal experiences of animal care

What do animals need to stay healthy?

- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 111 
- Video on animal care 
- Digital devices 
- Charts
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 112 
- Pictures showing safety with animals 
- Charts 
- Role-play materials
- Highland Environmental Activities Grade 1 pg. 114 
- Domestic animals 
- Animal feed 
- Water 
- Soap

- Observation  - Oral questions  - Discussion assessment