Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of gases
Properties of matter - Mass of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of gases
- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Appreciate the existence of gases in the environment

- Blow air into balloons of different sizes
- Observe what happens when air is blown into the balloons
- Observe what happens when air is released from the balloons
- Discuss why balloons collapse when air is released
- Record observations

How do we know gases exist even though we can't see them?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Volume of gases
Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Explain why water doesn't enter an inverted glass
- Value the importance of air in daily life

- Use glue to fix a piece of cloth/tissue paper on the inner bottom of a glass
- Turn the glass upside down and push it gently into water
- Remove the glass gently while holding it upside down
- Check if the piece of cloth/tissue paper gets wet
- Explain observations

How can we demonstrate that air occupies space?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Textbooks

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Matter

Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solid waste
- Identify different types of solid waste
- Develop interest in proper management of solid waste

- Read the story about schools holding sports events
- Discuss the meaning of solid waste
- Identify types of solid waste likely generated during sports events
- Discuss what would happen if waste is dumped carelessly
- Share findings

What is solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment
Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste in various environments
- Appreciate the need to manage solid waste properly

- Identify and discuss types of solid waste likely to be found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste
- Record findings in a table showing solid waste found at home and in school
- Share findings in a class presentation

What types of solid waste are found in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written work

Matter

Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify non-decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to non-decomposable waste over time
- Value proper management of non-decomposable waste

- Study pictures of non-decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens if polythene bags, wires, broken glasses, and plastics are left in a covered container for a month
- Record answers in notebook

What happens to non-decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste
Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what is done with solid waste at home
- Define waste management
- Appreciate the importance of waste management

- Discuss what is done with solid waste at home
- Find out the meaning of waste management
- Discuss how various types of solid waste should be managed
- Share ideas with classmates, family, and community members

What are different ways of managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of solid waste found in the classroom
- Apply methods of waste management in the classroom
- Show responsibility in managing classroom waste

- Collect different types of solid waste found in the classroom
- Sort the waste into separate bins (decomposable and non-decomposable)
- Suggest ways to manage waste by reducing
- Identify waste that could be reused or recycled
- Record findings in a table
- Share findings with other learners

How can we manage waste in our classroom?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school
Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions
Management of solid waste - Safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste produced in public functions
- Apply the 3Rs in managing waste from public functions
- Value responsible waste management at public events

- Identify and discuss various types of solid waste likely to be produced in public functions
- Categorize waste into decomposable and non-decomposable
- Discuss management of plastic bottles, food remains, glass bottles, broken bottles
- Discuss how event planners can help manage waste
- Discuss application of 3Rs in waste management

How can we manage waste generated at public functions?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures of public events
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Project planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify steps for making items from waste
- Plan a project using waste materials
- Show creativity in planning a project

- Discuss steps for making items from waste materials
- Identify locally available materials for projects
- Plan for making a waste bin, toys, or ornaments
- Record project plans

How do we plan a project using waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Planning assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin
Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a waste bin using locally available materials
- Apply creativity in designing a waste bin
- Appreciate the value of reusing waste materials

- Follow steps to make a waste bin
- Identify and collect materials
- Make and label the waste bin
- Take pictures or videos during the activity (if possible)
- Display completed waste bins
- Share tips discovered during the project

How can we make a waste bin from locally available materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation
Water conservation - Water wastage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of water conservation
- Identify the need for water conservation
- Appreciate the importance of water conservation

- Study pictures related to water conservation
- Brainstorm on the meaning of water conservation
- Discuss why we should use water wisely
- Record and share findings

What is the meaning of water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted in school
- Explain consequences of water wastage in school
- Value responsible water use in school

- Study pictures showing water use in school
- Discuss whether water is being used well
- Brainstorm on consequences of not turning off taps
- Discuss appropriate use of sprinklers
- Suggest what to do when encountering damaged pipes
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage at home
Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted at home
- Explain consequences of water wastage at home
- Show responsibility in proper water use at home

- Discuss ways in which water is wasted at home
- Identify activities that lead to water wastage
- Discuss the dangers of leaving taps running
- Discuss consequences of wet floors
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)
Water conservation - Reducing water usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling water
- Identify ways of applying 3Rs in water conservation
- Show interest in water conservation using 3Rs

- Discuss the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling in water conservation
- Study pictures showing water conservation methods
- Answer questions about applying 3Rs to water conservation
- Complete a table categorizing conservation methods

How can we apply the 3Rs in water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reusing water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reusing water
- Apply water-reusing techniques in daily activities
- Appreciate the importance of reusing water

- Discuss the concept of reusing water
- Identify examples: using rinse water for mopping, using water from washing fruits/vegetables for garden watering
- Discuss other methods of reusing water
- Record and share findings

How can we reuse water in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Recycling water
Water conservation - Importance of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of recycling water
- Identify ways of recycling water
- Value the importance of recycling water

- Discuss the concept of recycling water
- Explore examples: treating used water to remove impurities before reuse
- Discuss how industries recycle water
- Record and share findings with classmates

How is water recycled for reuse?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Responsible water use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice responsible water use
- Keep a record of water conservation practices
- Value responsible water use habits

- Keep a journal of ways in which they practice responsible water use
- Record observations at the end of every week
- Share experiences with other learners
- Exchange ideas on responsible water use habits
- Share ideas with family and community

How can we practice responsible water use in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Journal assessment - Self-evaluation

Matter
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters
Force and its Effect - Meaning of force
Force and its Effect - Types of forces
Force and its Effect - Force of gravity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create posters on water conservation
- Explain the importance of water conservation through posters
- Show creativity in designing water conservation posters

- Study sample posters on water conservation
- Prepare posters to sensitize community members on water conservation
- Include key messages on water conservation
- Display posters and share messages with others

How can we use posters to promote water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape,
- Coloring materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 111
- Heavy objects for moving
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Balls

- Observation - Product assessment - Creativity evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Force of friction
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the force of friction
- Demonstrate the existence of force of friction
- Show interest in learning about friction

- Push objects on rough and smooth surfaces
- Observe and discuss why objects stop moving after some time
- Compare movement of objects on rough versus smooth surfaces
- Record observations

Why does a rolling ball stop after some time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 114
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Balls
- Open space for activities

- Observation - Written assignments - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can change the direction of a moving object
- Show that force can increase the speed of an object
- Appreciate how force affects movement

- Bounce balls against hard surfaces
- Use swings safely to demonstrate effects of force
- Discuss why the ball changes direction when it hits a surface
- Record observations

What happens when a ball is kicked towards another direction?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Balls
- Swings
- Hard surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or stone carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of minimizing friction
- Demonstrate how smoothening surfaces reduces friction
- Value the importance of reducing friction

- Observe writing and sitting surfaces of desks
- Discuss why surfaces of rolling boards and pins are smoothened
- Give examples of surfaces that are smoothened to minimize friction

Why are the surfaces of the rolling board and pin smoothened?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how lubricants reduce friction
- Identify situations where lubricants are used
- Appreciate the importance of lubricants in daily activities

- Observe a tailor maintaining a sewing machine
- Discuss why doors make squeaky noises
- Identify machines that require oiling/greasing
- Record observations in notebooks

Why do tailors apply oil to the moving parts of a sewing machine?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- Heavy objects for demonstrations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Meaning of light
Light - Sources of light: Natural sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of light
- Describe the importance of light for seeing
- Appreciate the value of light in our lives

- Darken the classroom by closing windows and curtains
- Try to read what is written on the board in darkness
- Discuss observations and meaning of light
- Compare reading in dark versus well-lit rooms

Can you see clearly in a dark room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial sources of light
- Classify different artificial light sources
- Value the importance of artificial light

- Identify artificial sources of light (bulbs, lamps, candles)
- Classify different types of artificial light sources
- Discuss common sources of light at home and school
- Record observations

What are some common sources of light in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Pictures of light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification exercises

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how windows are used to light a house
- Compare well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Appreciate the importance of natural lighting

- Observe pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Discuss the importance of windows in lighting
- Compare rooms with large windows versus small windows
- Record observations

Which room is well-lit? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial ways of lighting a house
- Describe various artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate the importance of proper lighting

- Observe and discuss different artificial lighting methods
- Identify common artificial lighting sources in homes
- Discuss safety measures when using artificial lighting
- Record observations

What are some artificial ways of lighting a house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Pictures of lighting methods
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures of solar panels

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Plants and light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how plants use light
- Describe the importance of light for plant growth
- Value the role of light in nature

- Observe pictures showing plants in light and darkness
- Discuss why plants need sunlight for healthy growth
- Search for information on how plants use light
- Record observations

Why do plants require sunlight for healthy growth?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Pictures of plants

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Safety and security
Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light is used for safety
- Describe the importance of well-lit roads and paths
- Appreciate light's role in security

- Observe pictures of well-lit and dark roads
- Discuss the safety implications for pedestrians and motorists
- Explain how light discourages criminal activities
- Record observations

Would a motorist feel safe while driving on a dark road? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Communication
Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how light is used for communication
- Identify various light signals in daily life
- Appreciate the importance of light signals

- Discuss how traffic lights guide motorists and pedestrians
- Identify other light signals used for communication
- Observe pictures of traffic lights and other light signals
- Record observations

How is light used as a form of communication?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures of traffic lights
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Pictures of pests

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Daily activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe various applications of light in daily life
- Explain the importance of light in different contexts
- Value light as an essential resource

- Discuss various applications of light in day-to-day activities
- Sort sources of light into natural and artificial
- Describe affordable lighting options
- Complete diagrams on light sources and applications

Why is light important in day-to-day life?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Summary and review
Heat - Meaning of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the various uses and applications of light
- Explain the importance of light in our lives
- Appreciate light as an essential resource

- Review all sources and applications of light
- Discuss the importance of light for vision and activities
- Complete assessment activities on light
- Share knowledge with peers

How does light affect our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Assessment worksheets
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Sun

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the sun as a source of heat
- Describe how solar energy is used as heat
- Appreciate the sun as a natural heat source

- Discuss the sun as a source of heat
- Explain how water can be warmed using sunlight
- Observe pictures of solar cookers
- Record observations

What does a solar cooker use as a source of energy?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Pictures of solar cookers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Fire
Heat - Sources of heat: Gas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fire as a source of heat
- Describe materials used to make fire
- Value environmentally friendly fire sources

- Discuss various materials used to make fire
- Learn about briquettes and other eco-friendly fire sources
- Record observations

How is fire made from recycled materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Pictures of fire sources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Pictures of gas cylinders and cookers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Electricity
Heat - Uses of heat: Cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electricity as a source of heat
- Describe electric heating appliances
- Value safety when using electrical appliances

- Search for information on electricity as a heat source
- Identify electrical appliances that produce heat
- Discuss safety precautions when using electrical appliances
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using electricity as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Pictures of cooking activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Warming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for warming
- Demonstrate ways of generating body heat
- Value heat as a source of warmth

- Discuss ways people keep warm (rubbing hands, sitting near fire)
- Observe pictures of people and animals keeping warm
- Identify various sources of warmth
- Record observations

Why do we rub our hands against each other during the cold season?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Pictures of warming activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Drying
Heat - Uses of heat: Ironing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how heat is used for drying
- Describe various drying applications
- Appreciate the importance of heat in preservation

- Observe the drying of clothes, crops, fish in the sun
- Discuss why drying is important for preservation
- Identify items that are dried using heat
- Record observations

Why are harvested crops such as grains dried in the sun?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of drying activities
-
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Pictures of different types of irons

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Safety measures when handling heat
Heat - Importance of heat in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safety measures when handling heat
- Identify potential dangers of heat sources
- Value the importance of safety

- Search for information on safety measures when handling heat
- Discuss safe ways to handle hot items
- Identify protective gear for handling heat
- Record observations

Why is it important to observe safety measures when handling heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Pictures showing safety practices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Pictures showing uses of heat

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make kitchen gloves using locally available materials
- Follow a sequential process in project work
- Show creativity in making useful items

- Collect locally available materials for making kitchen gloves
- Trace hand pattern on paper and cut fabric
- Stitch pieces together to make gloves
- Display finished products
- Keep a journal of the process

How can we make kitchen gloves using locally available materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Paper for patterns

- Observation - Project assessment - Peer evaluation