REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Classification of fruits.
Placentation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To classify fruits using specific criteria.

To define placentation.
To describe the process of placentation.
To identify types of placentation.

Teacher presents several types of fruits and leads students in classifying them.
Detailed discussion, drawing of diagrams.


Teacher exposes the meaning of placentation.
Students examine ovaries of various fruits as the teacher exposes the types of placentation exhibited.
Students draw diagrams showing types of placentation.

A variety of fruits, petri dishes
Blades
Containers.

Fruits
Beans
Sunflower
Pawpaw
Orange
Primrose, e.t.c

KLB BK III.
P 99.
KLB BK III.
P 100

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fruit and seed dispersal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptive features of fruits and seeds to their agents of dispersal.

Students examine fruits and seeds, observe external features, and group them accordingly to methods of dispersal.
Detailed discussion of observations made.

text book

KLB BK III. PP. 102-103

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of fruits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To label the parts of internal structure of a fruit.

To identify the functions of internal parts of a fruit.

Teacher demonstration- Vertical sections of fruits.

Students draw and label the fruit internal structure.

charts

KLB BK III. P. 104 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction in animals. External fertilisation.
Internal fertilisation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external fertilisation in amphibians.
To describe internal fertilisation and compare it with external fertilisation.

Detailed discussion.
Tabulate differences between external and internal fertilisation.

Strands of eggs of frogs.

KLB BK III.
P 105

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Reproduction in mammals. Reproduction in human beings.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the reproduction process in mammals.


To draw and label the structure of male reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.



Drawing and labeling male reproduction system.

Wall charts-Reproduction system.

KLB BK III. P. 105
KLB BK III. PP. 106-108

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Reproduction in mammals. Reproduction in human beings.
Functions of parts of male reproduction system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the reproduction process in mammals.


To draw and label the structure of male reproduction system.


To explain the male reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.



Drawing and labeling male reproduction system.

Wall charts-Reproduction system.
text book

KLB BK III. P. 105
KLB BK III. PP. 106-108

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Male reproduction system of a male animal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify parts of male reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.

To examine reproduction system of a male rabbit /rat.
Identify the parts of the reproduction system.

Reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.

KLB BK III. P. 108 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system.
Functions of parts of female reproduction system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label parts of the female reproduction system.
To explain the functions of parts of female reproduction system.

Drawing and labeling.
Detailed discussion.

chart

KLB BK III. PP.
108-110

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system of a female animal.
Formation of ova.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify parts of female reproduction system of a female animal.
To draw and label the human spermatozoon.
To describe the process of formation of ova.

Examine parts of a female reproduction system.
Identify the parts.
Drawing and labelling.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Adaptations of male gamete to its function.

Dissected female rat/ mouse/rabbit.
text book

KLB BK III. P.110 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fertilisation process.
Implantation.
The placenta.
Role of the placenta. Placental exchanges.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the fertilisation process.
To define implantation.
To define ectopic pregnancy.
To describe the formation of the placenta and the structure of the placenta.
To state and explain the role of the placenta.
To identify substances allowed / not allowed to pass through the placenta

Discussion
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Discussion.
Exposition and discussion.
Exposition and discussion. Drawing diagrams showing placental exchanges.
Detailed discussion.

chart
text book
Chart- The placenta.
text book

KLB BK III. PP. 113-114

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pregnancy and hormones.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify functions of human oestrogen and progestrone during pregnancy.

Tabulate functional differences.

text book

KLB BK III PG116

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Abortion, miscarriage, birth.
Lactation and parental care.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe processes of abortion, miscarriage and birth.
To explain the role of oxytocin in milk let down.
To draw and label mammary glands.

Q/A: To elicit students responses on related issues.
Discussion
Drawing and labelling mammary glands.

text book

KLB BK III. PP.
117-119 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Secondary sexual characteristics.
The menstrual cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.
To explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.

Detailed discussion.

text book

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

28-day menstrual cycle.
Menopause, infertility and emerging issues.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To represent hormonal levels on a 28-day chart.
To describe hormonal changes at menopause.
To discuss emerging issues related to infertility and menopause.

Open discussion.
Interpreting illustrative charts.

chart
text book

KLB BK III. PP.
122-123                          

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
GENETICS

Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.
The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the symptoms of STIs.
To explain the mode of transmission of STIs / AIDS and discuss methods of control.
To differentiate between HIV and AIDS.
Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Distinction and relationship between HIV and AIDS.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

STIs causal agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures.

KLB BK III PP. 123-125

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

GENETICS

Continuous variation.
Causes of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.





Discuss causes of variation.

Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

KLB BK IV.
P 4

GENETICS

The chromosome.
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Text book

KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.

Expository approach.

Text book

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

DNA replication.
First law of heredity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.

Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
Exposition with explanations.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12

GENETICS

Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 15-17

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Exposition;
Discussion.

Text book

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22

GENETICS

Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 22-23

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27

GENETICS

Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Students book

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38

GENETICS

Applications of genetics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

EVOLUTION

Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 49-51

EVOLUTION

Evidence for organic evolution.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Text book 

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
Larmack?s theory of evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Expositions and explanations.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Darwin?s theory of natural selection.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.

Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 67-72