Home






SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM I
School


To enable/disable signing area for H.O.D & Principal, click here to update signature status on your profile.




To enable/disable showing Teachers name and TSC Number, click here to update teacher details status on your profile.












Did you know that you can edit this scheme? Just click on the part you want to edit!!! (Shift+Enter creates a new line)


WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 5
GENETICS
The concept of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.


Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.
2 1
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
2 2-3
GENETICS
Continuous variation.
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.





Discuss causes of variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers
text book

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

KLB BK IV.
P 4
2 4
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
2 5
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
3 1
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
3 2-3
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Genes and DNA.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Expository approach.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
Chart- the double helix DNA.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
KLB BK IV. PP 7-8
3 4
GENETICS
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
3 5
GENETICS
First law of heredity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Exposition with explanations.
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
4 1
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
4 2-3
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
4 4
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
4 5
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
5 1
GENETICS
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
5 2-3
GENETICS
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Discussion.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
chart
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
5 4
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
5 5
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
6 1
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
6 2-3
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
6 4
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
6 5
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
7 1
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
7 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Importance of support and movement in plants.
Arrangement of tissues in a monocotyledonous stem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Explain the importance of support and movement in plants.
Draw and label a transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.





Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Examine transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.
text book
Monocotyledo-nous stem, eg. tradescantia, microscope,
Razors.
KLB BK IV. PP 111-2
KLB BK IV. PP111-2.
7 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Arrangement of tissues in a dicotyledonous stem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem.
Draw and label a transverse section of herbaceous and woody stems.
Examine transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem, herbaceous and woody stems.
Herbaceous stem, microscope, slides,
Razors.
KLB BK IV. PP 111-5
7 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Stem tissues.
Wilting in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some stem tissues.
Explain the role of stem tissues.
Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and woody stems.
Account for difference in rate of water loss.
Drawing and labeling diagrams;
Discussion.
Uproot herbaceous and woody plants;
Observe tem for about 30 min;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 113-5
8

Midterm
9 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The exoskeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.
Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.
A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.
KLB BK IV. PP 116-7
9 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The exoskeleton.
The endoskeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.
Describe the structure of the endoskeleton.
Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.

Observe skeleton of a vertebrate;
Compare it with an exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting features.
A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.
The human skeleton.
KLB BK IV. PP 116-7
KLB BK IV. PP 117-8
9 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Locomotory features of a finned fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the locomotory features of a finned fish.
Observe external features of a tilapia.
Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.
A freshly killed tilapi
9 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Locomotion in a finned fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.
Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.
A freshly killed tilapia.
KLB BK IV. PP 117-8
10 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Tail power of a fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate the tail power of a fish.
Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia fish.
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of tail power in locomotion.
A freshly killed tilapia.
KLB BK IV. PP 118-9
10 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.
The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.

Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.




Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.

Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.




Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.

Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.




KLB BK IV. PP 119-120
KLB BK IV. PP 121-2
10 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
10 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The sacral and caudal vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.
Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Sacral and caudal vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. P 124
11 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
11 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
Fore limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

Bones of the fore limb.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
11 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Hind limb.
Movable joints.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the hind limb.
Identify features of movable joints.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.
Bones of the hind limb.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 127
11 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Ball and socket joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.
Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 128
12 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.
Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 128-9
12 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Skeletal muscles.
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
12 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
12 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Cardiac muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1

Your Name Comes Here


Would You like to provide feedback on the scheme quality and the experience you had? Click on the feedback button below
Download

Feedback

School Name