GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

The concepts of growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To distinguish growth from development.

Q/A: Aspects that occur during growth.
Detailed discussion of growth and development.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Measurement of growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify aspects that indicate growth of an organism.
Sketch a growth curve.

Discuss growth aspects-height, weight and volume.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth phases.
Intermittent growth curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lag and decelerating phases of growth.
Explain growth curve showing intermittent growth.

Students will have collected data, e.g. height of shoots of different ages.
Teacher assists students to draw growth curves.
Discussion- phases of growth.

Q/A: life cycles of insects.
Exposition and detailed discussion.

Shoots of known ages.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 135 CERTIFICATE PG 179

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Structure of the seed.
Longitudinal sections of monocots and dicots.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a typical seed.
To state the functions of the parts of a seed.
To identify structural differences between monocots and dicots.

Students examine external structure of bean seeds and maize seeds.
Teacher assists them to identify the parts of the seeds.
Drawing and labeling the seeds.
Obtain longitudinal section of the seeds.
Identify structural differences of the specimens.
Carry out iodine tests.
Explain the observations.

Specimens of maize and bean seeds.
Hand lens
Maize and bean seeds.
Iodine
Scalpels.

KLB BK III. P. 136 CERTIFICATE PG 182

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Dormancy in seeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define seed dormancy.
To explain factors that cause dormancy and ways of breaking dormancy.

Detailed discussion.

video

KLB BK III. P. 137 CERTIFICATE PG 188

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Seed germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of seed germination.
To investigate conditions necessary for germination.
To explain conditions necessary for germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens.
Discuss the observations.

Seeds
Cotton wool
Flat bottomed flasks
Corks
T-tubes
Thermometers
pyrogallic acid
NaOH solution.

KLB BK III.
P 140. CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Seed germination.
Epigeal germination.
Hypogeal germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of seed germination.
To investigate conditions necessary for germination.
To explain conditions necessary for germination.
To differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
To describe epigeal germination.
To describe hypogeal germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens.
Discuss the observations.
Observe previously prepared specimens of germinating bean seed/ castor seed.
Drawing comparative diagrams.
Drawing diagrams.

Seeds
Cotton wool
Flat bottomed flasks
Corks
T-tubes
Thermometers
pyrogallic acid
NaOH solution.

Specimens of germinating bean/castor seed at different phases of germination.
Specimens of germinating maize seed at different phases of germination.

KLB BK III.
P 140. CERTIFICATE PG 184
KLB BK III. P. 141 CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Primary growth of a seedling.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe primary growth of a seedling.

Brief discussion.

KLB BK III. P 143 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Region of growth in a root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine the region of growth in a root.

Group experiments- Observe previously prepared specimens to determine regions of growth.
Discuss observations made.
Draw relevant diagrams.

Germinating bean seeds
Cork pin
Beaker
Indian ink
Blotting paper
Ruler.

KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Apical meristems.
Secondary growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label longitudinal and transverse sections of apical meristems.
To describe secondary growth of plants.

Drawing and labelling transverse sections of apical meristems.
Detailed discussion.

Charts- Apical meristems.
text book

KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth hormones.
Apical dominance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain role of hormones in growth of plants.
To explain the role of auxins in apical dominance.

Discuss the role of IAA, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid e.t.c, in plant growth.

Probing questions leading to definition and explanation of apical dominance.

text book
Shoot with lateral growth.

KLB BK III. P. 147 CERTIFICATE PG 190
KLB BK III. PP. 147-148.

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth and development in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.

Q/A: Features of complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects.

chart

KLB BK III. PP.148-14.9 CERTIFICATE PG 194

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
GENETICS

Role of hormones in insect growth.
The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify hormones that promotes insect growth.
Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Exposition and explanations.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

text book
Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK III. PP. 148-149. CERTIFICATE PG 199

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.


Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

text book
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

GENETICS

Causes of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 4

GENETICS

The chromosome.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

The chromosome.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

The chromosome.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.

Expository approach.

Chart- the double helix DNA.

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.
DNA replication.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.

Expository approach.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.

Chart- the double helix DNA.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

First law of heredity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.

Exposition with explanations.

KLB BK IV. PP 11-12

GENETICS

Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Monohybrid inheritance.
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 15-17

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.

Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Exposition;
Discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22

GENETICS

Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 22-23

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.
Non-disjunction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33

GENETICS

Gene mutation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

Models to show Chromosomal mutations.

KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS

Gene mutation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

Models to show Chromosomal mutations.

KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.
Applications of genetics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

chart
text book,video

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

GENETICS

Applications of genetics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

text book,video

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45