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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM I
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 2-3
GENETICS
The concept of variation.
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.
Define discontinuous variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.


Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.
text book

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
1 4
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
1 5
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
2 1
GENETICS
Continuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4
2 2-3
GENETICS
Continuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4
2 4
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
2 4-5
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
3

Opener exam
3 4
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
3 5
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
4 1
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
4 2-3
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
4 4
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
4 5
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
5 1
GENETICS
Genes and DNA.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Expository approach.
Chart- the double helix DNA.
KLB BK IV. PP 7-8
5 2-3
GENETICS
Genes and DNA.
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Expository approach.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
Chart- the double helix DNA.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 7-8
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
5 4
GENETICS
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
5 5
GENETICS
First law of heredity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Exposition with explanations.
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
6 1
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
6 2-3
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
6 4
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
6 5
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
7 1
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
7 2-3
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
7 4
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
7 4-5
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
8

Midterm exam and break
9 1
GENETICS
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
9 2-3
GENETICS
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.

Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Exposition;
Discussion.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22
9 4
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
9 5
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
10 1
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
10 2-3
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
10 4
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
10 5
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
11 1
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
11 2-3
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
11 4
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
11 5
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
12 1
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
12 2-3
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
chart
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
13

End term exam and marking

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