THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.
Balanced chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

To balance chemical equations correctly.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Exposition;
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 24-25

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Balanced chemical equations.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 25-8

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.
Describe the crystalline ionic compound.
Give examples of ionic substances.

Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.
Discuss the group ionic structures of NaCl.
Teacher gives examples of other ionic substances: KNO3, potassium bromide, Ca (NO3)2, sodium iodide.

Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK II PP 56-58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the formation of covalent bond
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent covalent bond.
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Exposition: Shared pair of electrons in a hydrogen molecule, H2O, NH3, Cl2, and CO2.
Drawing of dot-and-cross diagrams of covalent bonds.
Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP 60-63

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the molecular structure.
To give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure
To describe van- der -waals forces.
To explain the trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

Discussion ? To explain formation of the giant structure and give examples of substance exhibiting molecular structure.
Discuss comparative physical properties of substances. exhibiting molecular structure.
Explain variation in the physical properties.

text book
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in diamond.
To state uses of diamond.
To describe giant atomic structure in graphite.
To state uses of graphite.

Diagrammatic representation of diamond.
Discuss uses of diamond.
Diagrammatic representation of graphite.
Discuss uses of graphite.

Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK II P 69

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe mutual electronic forces between electrons and nuclei.
To describe metallic bond.
To compare physical properties of metals.
To state uses of some metals.

Discussion:
Detailed analysis of comparative physical properties of metals and their uses.



Probing questions & brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 70

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.

The periodic

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.
Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.


Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31
K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Compounds of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkali metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.


Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkali metals with anions.

Sodium, chlorine.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of alkali metals.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37

CHEMICAL FAMILIES
PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.
Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

Alkaline earth metals.
The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 37
K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in the third period.
Oxides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with oxygen.
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with water
To identify bonds across elements in period 3.
To explain chemical behavior of their oxide.

Q/A: Products of reactions of Na, Mg, Al, P, & S with oxygen.
Discuss the trend in their reactivity; identify basic and acidic oxides.
Exercise ? balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.
Q/A: Review reaction of sodium, Mg, chlorine, with water.
Infer that sodium is most reactive metal; non-metals do not react with water.
Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 79-80
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 84

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chlorides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain chemical behavior of their chlorides.
To describe hydrolysis reaction.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 77-78