GENETICS

The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.


Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

text book
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

GENETICS

Continuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.

Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

GENETICS

Causes of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 4

GENETICS

The chromosome.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.

Expository approach.

Chart- the double helix DNA.

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

DNA replication.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.

Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 9-10

GENETICS

First law of heredity.
Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Exposition with explanations.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 15-17

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21

GENETICS

Inheritance of Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.

Exposition;
Discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 21-22

GENETICS

Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 22-23

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27

GENETICS

Non-disjunction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 30-33

GENETICS

Gene mutation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

Models to show Chromosomal mutations.

KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.
Applications of genetics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

chart
text book,video

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

EVOLUTION

Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 49-51

EVOLUTION

Evidence for organic evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 51-59

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Larmack?s theory of evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.

Expositions and explanations.

text book

KLB BK IV. P 67

EVOLUTION
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.

Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.





Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.

text book




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.

KLB BK IV. PP 67-72




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Nastic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses

Q/A and discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 78-80

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83