Numbers

Fractions - Numerator and denominator

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the numerator in a fraction
- Identify the denominator in a fraction
- Show interest in learning about fractions

- Discuss in groups the top (numerator) and bottom (denominator) numbers in a fraction and share with others
- Practice identifying numerator and denominator in given fractions

When do you use fractions in real life?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 58
- Fraction charts
- Fraction cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Fractions - Part of a whole

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent a fraction with denominators not exceeding 12 as part of a whole
- Identify fractions in everyday objects
- Appreciate fractions in real life situations

- Illustrate in groups fractions as part of whole using cut outs or clock face
- Draw and shade fractions as part of a whole

How can you represent fractions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 59
- Cut-outs
- Clock face
- Fraction charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Fractions - Part of a group

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent a fraction with denominators not exceeding 12 as part of a group
- Relate fractions to everyday groups of objects
- Value the use of fractions in daily life

- Illustrate in pairs/groups fractions as part of a group using counters
- Draw and identify fractions as part of a group

How do we use fractions to represent parts of a group?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 60
- Counters
- Fraction charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Fractions - Types of fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify proper fractions
- Identify improper fractions
- Identify mixed fractions
- Appreciate different types of fractions

- Work out in groups proper, improper and mixed fractions as part of a whole or as part of a group using paper cut outs or counters
- Classify fractions into different types

What are the different types of fractions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 61
- Paper cut-outs
- Counters
- Fraction charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Fractions - Converting improper to mixed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert improper fractions to mixed fractions
- Apply conversion in solving problems
- Show interest in working with fractions

- Discuss in groups changing of improper fractions to mixed fractions
- Practice converting improper fractions to mixed fractions

How do you convert an improper fraction to a mixed fraction?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 62
- Fraction cut-outs
- Fraction charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Fractions - Converting mixed to improper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert mixed fractions to improper fractions
- Apply conversion in solving problems
- Value accuracy in working with fractions

- Discuss in groups changing of mixed fractions to improper fractions
- Practice converting mixed fractions to improper fractions

How do you convert a mixed fraction to an improper fraction?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 63
- Fraction cut-outs
- Fraction charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Tenths and hundredths
Decimals - Decimal notation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify a tenth in real life situations
- Identify a hundredth in real life situations
- Appreciate the use of decimals in real life

- Discuss in pairs/groups where tenths and hundredths are used in real life situations
- Identify tenths and hundredths in everyday contexts

How do you use decimals in real life situations?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 71
- Decimal charts
- Place value charts
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 72
- Place value charts
- Decimal cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Place value

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place value of decimals up to hundredths
- Explain the value of digits in decimal numbers
- Value accuracy in working with decimals

- Individually write tenths and hundredths using decimal notation on a place value chart
- Practice identifying place values in decimal numbers

What does each digit represent in a decimal number?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 73
- Place value charts
- Decimal cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Ordering

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order decimals up to hundredths in ascending order
- Order decimals up to hundredths in descending order
- Show interest in comparing decimal numbers

- In groups order given decimals in ascending and descending order
- Compare decimal numbers using greater than, less than, and equal to symbols

How do we compare decimal numbers?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 74
- Decimal number line
- Decimal cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Digital games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play digital games involving decimals
- Apply decimal skills in games
- Show enthusiasm in learning through digital games

- In pairs play digital games involving decimals
- Discuss different decimal numbers encountered in games

How can digital games help us learn about decimals?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 75
- Digital devices
- Decimal games

- Observation - Oral questioning - Performance in games

Numbers

Decimals - Converting fractions to decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert tenths and hundredths fractions to decimals
- Relate fractions to decimals
- Show interest in relationships between fractions and decimals

- In groups convert tenths and hundredths fractions to decimals
- Practice writing fractions as decimals

How are fractions and decimals related?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 76
- Fraction charts
- Decimal charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Converting decimals to fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert decimals to tenths and hundredths fractions
- Apply conversion in problem solving
- Value accuracy in conversion

- In groups convert decimals to tenths and hundredths fractions
- Practice writing decimals as fractions

How do we convert a decimal to a fraction?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 77
- Fraction charts
- Decimal charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Word problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve word problems involving decimals
- Apply decimals in real life contexts
- Show interest in using decimals in daily life

- In groups solve word problems involving decimals
- Create and solve real-life decimal problems

When do we use decimals in our daily lives?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 78
- Word problem cards
- Decimal cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Money connection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate decimals to money
- Convert between shillings and cents using decimals
- Appreciate use of decimals in money transactions

- In groups use decimal notation to represent money
- Practice converting between shillings and cents using decimal notation

How are decimals used in money transactions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 79
- Play money
- Decimal charts

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Decimals - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place value of decimals up to hundredths
- Represent decimals using decimal notation
- Order decimals up to hundredths
- Value accuracy in working with decimals

- Individually solve various problems involving decimals
- In pairs check each other's work and provide feedback

How can we use decimals in everyday life?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 80
- Worksheets
- Decimal cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Use of letters - Representing information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent information using letters
- Identify where letters are used in mathematics
- Appreciate the use of letters in mathematics

- Represent various items from diverse geographical locations using letters
- Practice using letters to represent quantities

Why do we represent information using letters?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 82
- Letter cards
- Expression cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Use of letters - Forming expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form simple expressions to represent real life situations
- Translate word problems into expressions
- Show interest in using expressions

- In groups form expressions to illustrate real life situations
- Practice forming expressions from word problems

How do we use letters to form expressions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 83
- Expression cards
- Word problem cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Use of letters - Simplifying expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Simplify expressions representing real life situations
- Apply simplification in problem solving
- Value the use of expressions in mathematics

- In groups simplify expressions representing real life situations
- Practice simplifying basic expressions

Why do we need to simplify expressions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 84
- Expression cards
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Use of letters - Word problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve word problems by forming expressions
- Translate real life situations into mathematical expressions
- Show interest in applying expressions to solve problems

- In groups solve word problems by forming and simplifying expressions
- Create word problems for other groups to solve

How can we use expressions to solve real life problems?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 85
- Word problem cards
- Expression cards

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Numbers

Use of letters - Digital games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play digital games involving expressions
- Apply skills in forming and simplifying expressions in games
- Show enthusiasm in learning through digital games

- In pairs play digital games involving expressions
- Discuss different expressions encountered in games

How can digital games help us learn about algebraic expressions?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 86
- Digital devices
- Expression games

- Observation - Oral questioning - Performance in games

Numbers
Measurement
Measurement

Use of letters - Review
Length - The centimeter
Length - Measuring in centimeters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent information using letters
- Form simple expressions
- Simplify expressions
- Value accuracy in working with expressions

- Individually practice representing information using letters
- Form and simplify expressions from word problems

How can we use expressions in real life?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 87
- Worksheets
- Expression cards
- Rulers
- Tape measures
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 88
- Tape measures
- Objects of different lengths

- Observation - Oral questioning - Written work

Measurement

Length - Estimating in centimeters
Length - Relationship between meters and centimeters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate length in centimetres
- Compare estimated and actual measurements
- Appreciate estimation in measurement

- In groups estimate the length of a given object in centimetres
- Measure actual length of the estimated length in centimetres
- Compare estimated and actual measurements

How can we estimate length?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 89
- Rulers
- Objects of different lengths
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 90
- Metre rulers
- Tape measures

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Length - Converting meters to centimeters
Length - Converting centimeters to meters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert metres to centimetres using whole numbers
- Solve problems involving conversion
- Value precision in conversion

- In pairs convert metres into centimetres using whole numbers in real life situations
- Solve problems involving conversion

Why do we need to convert between units of length?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 91
- Conversion charts
- Metre rulers
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 92

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Length - Perimeter
Length - Addition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define perimeter of plane figures
- Measure perimeter using a ruler
- Value perimeter in real life

- In groups calculate perimeter of plane figures by measuring and adding lengths of sides
- Measure perimeter of objects in the classroom

What is perimeter and where is it used?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 93
- Rulers
- Shapes cut from paper
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 94
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Length - Subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Subtract measurements in metres and centimetres
- Solve problems involving subtraction of length
- Appreciate calculations involving length

- In groups calculate subtraction involving metres and centimetres
- Solve word problems involving subtraction of lengths

How do we find the difference between lengths?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 95
- Rulers
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Length - Multiplication and Division

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply and divide measurements in metres and centimetres
- Solve problems involving multiplication and division of length
- Value accuracy in calculations

- In groups work out multiplication involving metres and centimetres
- In pairs work out division involving metres and centimetres

When do we multiply or divide lengths?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 96
- Rulers
- Worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Area - Comparing surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare the area of given surfaces by direct manipulation
- Identify larger and smaller areas
- Show interest in comparing areas

- In groups compare area of two surfaces directly by placing one surface on the other
- Identify which surface has a larger area

How do you work out area of different surfaces?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 105
- Paper cut-outs of different shapes and sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Area - Unit squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use unit squares to cover surfaces
- Count unit squares to determine area
- Value the concept of area in real life

- In pairs use different unit square cut outs to cover a given surface
- Count the number of unit squares needed to cover the surface

Why do we use unit squares to measure area?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 106
- Unit square cut-outs
- Surfaces of different shapes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Area - Counting unit squares
Area - Rows and columns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of squares and rectangles by counting unit squares
- Record area in square units
- Appreciate area measurement in everyday life

- In groups count the number of unit square cut outs prepared from locally available materials to cover the surface
- Record the area of different shapes

How do we calculate area using unit squares?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 107
- Unit square cut-outs
- Grid paper
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 108
- Grid paper
- Rectangle and square cut-outs

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Area - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply area calculation in real life situations
- Solve problems involving area
- Value the use of area in daily life

- Work out area of squares and rectangles by multiplying number of rows by number of columns, such as in tiled or paved floors
- Solve word problems involving area

Where do we use area calculations in real life?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 109
- Pictures of tiled floors
- Word problem cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Area - Problem solving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve complex problems involving area
- Apply area in multiple contexts
- Show interest in area applications

- In groups solve word problems involving area of squares and rectangles
- Create real-life problems for other groups to solve

How can we use area in different situations?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 110
- Word problem cards
- Grid paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Area - Digital games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play digital games involving area
- Apply area skills in games
- Show enthusiasm in learning through digital games

- In pairs play games involving area of rectangles and squares using digital devices and other resources
- Discuss different approaches to finding area

How can digital games help us learn about area?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 111
- Digital devices
- Area games

- Observation - Oral questions - Performance in games

Measurement

Area - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of squares and rectangles using different methods
- Solve various area problems
- Value accuracy in area measurement

- Individually solve various problems involving area
- In pairs check each other's work and provide feedback

How can we check if our area calculation is correct?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 112
- Worksheets
- Grid paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Volume - Piling objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Pile objects into stacks of cubes and cuboids
- Arrange objects to form cubes and cuboids
- Show interest in building three-dimensional shapes

- In groups discuss and carefully arrange blocks or objects on top of each other into cuboid and cube shape
- Practice stacking objects or blocks to form cubes and cuboids of different sizes

Where do we apply the volume of cubes and cuboids in real life situations?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 113
- Building blocks
- Cubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Volume - Cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out volume of cuboids by piling blocks
- Count the number of blocks in a cuboid
- Appreciate volume measurement

- In pairs count the number of objects in the pile that makes a cuboid to determine the volume
- Record the volume of different cuboids

How do we find the volume of a cuboid?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 114
- Building blocks
- Cuboid-shaped containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Volume - Cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the volume of cubes by piling blocks
- Count the number of blocks in a cube
- Value precision in measuring volume

- In groups count the number of objects in the pile that makes a cube to determine the volume
- Record the volume of different cubes

How is the volume of a cube calculated?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 115
- Building blocks
- Cube-shaped containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Volume - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply volume calculation in real life situations
- Solve problems involving volume
- Show interest in volume applications

- In groups solve word problems involving volume of cubes and cuboids
- Relate volume concepts to real-life objects

How do we use volume measurement in daily life?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 116
- Word problem cards
- Real-life cubic and cuboid objects

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Volume - Digital games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play digital games involving volume
- Apply volume skills in games
- Show enthusiasm in learning through digital games

- In pairs use digital devices or other resources to safely play games involving stacking blocks to form cubes and cuboids
- Discuss strategies for calculating volume

How can digital games help us learn about volume?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 117
- Digital devices
- Volume games

- Observation - Oral questions - Performance in games

Measurement

Volume - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate volume of cubes and cuboids
- Solve various volume problems
- Value accuracy in volume calculation

- Individually solve various problems involving volume
- In pairs check each other's work and provide feedback

How can we check if our volume calculation is correct?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 118
- Worksheets
- Building blocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Capacity - Measuring in liters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure capacity in litres
- Use a one-litre container to measure capacity
- Show interest in measuring capacity

- In groups measure capacity of containers using a one litre container in real life situations
- Record the capacity of different containers

How can you measure capacity using arbitrary units?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 119
- One-litre containers
- Water/sand
- Containers of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Capacity - Making containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make one-litre containers from locally available materials
- Verify the capacity of containers
- Value conservation of resources

- In pairs make litre containers from locally available materials through filling and emptying the container with substances such as water or sand using a 1 litre container
- Test the containers for accuracy

How can we make our own capacity containers?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 120
- One-litre containers
- Locally available materials
- Water/sand

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Capacity - Half and quarter liters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure capacity in ½ litres and ¼ litres
- Relate half and quarter litres to a whole litre
- Show interest in fractional units of capacity

- Make ½ litre and ¼ litre containers through filling and emptying using a 1 litre container
- In groups use litre, ½ litre and ¼ litre containers to measure capacity of other containers

Why do we need different units of capacity?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 121
- One-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water/sand

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Capacity - Addition
Capacity - Subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add capacity involving litres
- Solve problems involving addition of capacity
- Value accuracy in capacity calculation

- Add capacity involving litres in real life situations
- Solve word problems involving addition of capacity

How do we add capacities?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 122
- Worksheets
- One-litre containers
- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 123

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Capacity - Games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play games involving capacity
- Apply capacity knowledge in practical activities
- Show enthusiasm in learning through games

- In pairs play games involving capacity using containers of different capacities or digital devices for digital games
- Discuss measurements observed during games

How can games help us understand capacity?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 124
- Containers of different capacities
- Water/sand
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Performance in games

Measurement

Mass - Using kilogram mass

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a kilogram mass to measure masses of different objects
- Record measurements in kilograms
- Show interest in measuring mass

- In groups use one kilogram masses to measure masses of given objects using a beam balance
- Record the mass of different objects

How do we measure mass in kilograms?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 127
- One-kilogram masses
- Beam balance
- Objects of different masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Mass - Half kilogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use ½ kg masses to measure masses of different objects
- Make a ½ kg mass
- Value precision in measurement

- In pairs make a ½ kg mass and use it to measure mass of given objects using a beam balance
- Compare masses using ½ kg standard

How do we use half-kilogram masses for measurement?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 128
- Half-kilogram masses
- Beam balance
- Objects of different masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Mass - Quarter kilogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use ¼ kg masses to measure masses of different objects
- Make a ¼ kg mass
- Appreciate fractional units of mass

- In groups make a ¼ kg mass and use it to measure mass of given objects using a beam balance and an electronic balance
- Compare masses using ¼ kg standard

How much is a quarter kilogram?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 129
- Quarter-kilogram masses
- Beam balance
- Electronic balance
- Objects of different masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Measurement

Mass - Addition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add mass involving kilograms
- Solve problems involving addition of mass
- Value accuracy in mass calculation

- Add mass involving kilograms (kg) in real life situations
- Solve word problems involving addition of mass

How do we add masses?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 130
- Worksheets
- Kilogram masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Mass - Subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Subtract mass involving kilograms
- Solve problems involving subtraction of mass
- Show interest in mass calculation

- Subtract mass involving kilograms (kg) in real life situations
- Solve word problems involving subtraction of mass

How do we find the difference between masses?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 131
- Worksheets
- Kilogram masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurement

Mass - Digital games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Play digital games involving mass
- Apply mass knowledge in games
- Show enthusiasm in learning through digital games

- In pairs play digital games involving mass
- Discuss different mass measurements encountered in games

How can digital games help us learn about mass?

- Mentor Mathematics Grade 4 pg. 132
- Digital devices
- Mass games

- Observation - Oral questions - Performance in games