Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Soil profile and its importance
Land Preparation - Land clearing activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the different horizons in a soil profile
- Explain the importance of soil profile in crop production
- Relate topsoil depth to crop rooting and nutrient access in farm fields

- Take field excursion to observe soil profile in quarry or road cut
- Identify and describe characteristics of O, A, B, C and D horizons
- Discuss how soil profile affects root growth and water retention

How does soil profile influence crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 26
- Field excursion site
- Measuring tape
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 30
- Farm tools (panga, slasher)
- Digital resources

- Field observation - Written report - Oral presentation

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Primary tillage operations
Land Preparation - Secondary tillage operations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define primary tillage
- Explain reasons for carrying out primary tillage
- Apply knowledge of primary tillage to improve soil conditions for planting

- Discuss appropriate depth and timing for primary tillage
- Explain how primary tillage improves soil aeration and destroys weeds
- Identify implements used for primary tillage

What is the purpose of primary cultivation in crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 31
- Farm tools (jembe, ox-plough)
- Photographs of tractor implements
- Harrows, cultivators
- Digital resources

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Levelling and ridging

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the purpose of levelling and ridging
- Describe how levelling and ridging are carried out
- Connect proper levelling to uniform germination in cereal crop fields

- Discuss how levelling ensures uniform depth at planting
- Demonstrate ridging using a jembe or ridger
- Explain benefits of ridges for specific crops

Why are tertiary tillage operations important in seedbed preparation?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 32
- Ridger, jembe, rake
- School farm

- Practical observation - Oral questions - Written test

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Rolling
Land Preparation - Carrying out land preparation activities
Land Preparation - Zero tillage and minimum tillage
Land Preparation - Benefits of conservation tillage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the purpose of rolling in land preparation
- Describe how rolling is carried out
- Apply rolling technique to protect fine seeds from erosion
- Define conservation tillage
- Describe zero tillage and minimum tillage practices
- Connect conservation tillage to soil moisture retention during drought periods

- Discuss why rolling is necessary for tiny seeds like simsim
- Demonstrate use of soil firmers and rollers
- Explain how rolling improves seed-soil contact
- Discuss problems associated with conventional tillage
- Explain how conservation tillage conserves soil and moisture
- Analyse applicability of zero tillage in different soil conditions

When and why is rolling necessary in land preparation?
How does conservation tillage benefit crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 33
- Seedbed roller
- Digital resources
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 30
- Farm tools (jembe, panga, rake)
- School farm
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 35
- Photographs of conservation tillage
- Digital resources
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 36
- Digital resources
- Manilla papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment
- Written test - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning tomatoes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of pruning in crop production
- Describe how to prune tomato crops
- Apply pruning skills to improve fruit quality in school vegetable gardens

- Identify growth habit of tomato plants
- Demonstrate removal of suckers, excessive branches and diseased parts
- Discuss timing and frequency of pruning

How does pruning improve tomato production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 39
- Tomato plants
- Secateurs

- Practical observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning capsicum
Field Management Practices - Pruning coffee bushes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to prune capsicum crops
- Carry out pruning of capsicum plants
- Connect proper pruning to larger fruit size in capsicum production

- Demonstrate snipping off the head of young capsicum
- Remove leaves touching the ground and suckers
- Compare pruned and unpruned capsicum plants

What parts of capsicum should be removed during pruning?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 40
- Capsicum plants
- Secateurs
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 41
- Coffee bush photographs
- Pruning tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning tea and bananas
Field Management Practices - Important considerations when pruning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe pruning procedures for tea and banana crops
- Explain trimming back and desuckering practices
- Apply pruning knowledge to maintain continuous banana harvest

- Discuss maintaining plucking table in tea bushes
- Explain trimming back to rejuvenate old tea bushes
- Demonstrate desuckering and removal of excess banana stems

Why is regular pruning necessary for tea and banana crops?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 42
- Photographs of tea and banana
- Pruning tools
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 44
- Pruning tools
- Sterilising materials

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Observation

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Methods of top dressing
Field Management Practices - Factors and importance of top dressing
Growing Selected Crops - Site selection and importance of nurseries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define top dressing
- Describe methods of top dressing (broadcasting, side dressing, foliar application)
- Select appropriate top dressing method based on crop spacing and type
- Explain factors to consider when top dressing
- Describe the importance of top dressing in crop production
- Connect proper timing of fertilizer application to improved crop yields

- Discuss broadcasting method for closely spaced crops
- Demonstrate side dressing near crop base
- Explain foliar application for micronutrient deficiencies
- Discuss timing, method and correct amount of fertilizer
- Explain importance of applying fertilizer at correct growth stage
- Make presentations on benefits of top dressing

What methods are used to apply top dressing fertilizers?
Why is top dressing important in crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 45
- Fertilizer samples
- Watering can, sprayer
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 46
- Fertilizer samples
- Digital resources
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 48
- Digital resources
- School farm

- Practical observation - Written assignment - Oral questions
- Oral presentation - Written test - Observation

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Types of nursery beds
Growing Selected Crops - Preparing and sowing in nursery bed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe different types of nursery beds
- Differentiate raised, sunken and container nurseries
- Select appropriate nursery type based on local rainfall conditions

- Discuss raised beds for areas with moderate rainfall
- Explain sunken seedbeds for semi-arid areas
- Describe container and seed tray nurseries

What types of nursery beds are used in crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 50
- Photographs of nursery types
- Digital resources
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 51
- Seeds, manure, tools
- School farm

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Watering, weeding and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out watering of nursery beds
- Perform weeding and pest control in nurseries
- Apply consistent moisture management to prevent damping off disease

- Water nursery bed twice daily (morning and evening)
- Remove weeds manually to reduce competition
- Monitor and control pests using eco-friendly methods

How do we manage seedlings in a nursery bed?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 53
- Watering can
- School nursery

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Shading, thinning and pricking out
Growing Selected Crops - Hardening off seedlings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of shading nursery beds
- Carry out thinning and pricking out of seedlings
- Apply thinning to provide adequate space for strong seedling development

- Construct shade using dry grass or shade nets
- Thin overcrowded seedlings by removing weak ones
- Prick out seedlings to transplant to another nursery

Why are thinning and pricking out necessary in nursery management?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 53
- Shade materials
- Garden trowel
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 54
- Nursery seedlings
- School farm

- Practical observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Transplanting procedures
Growing Selected Crops - Post-transplanting care
Growing Selected Crops - Gapping, irrigation and other practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the procedure for transplanting seedlings
- Carry out transplanting of seedlings to the main field
- Apply proper handling to minimize root damage during transplanting
- Explain field management practices after transplanting
- Carry out gapping, irrigation and weed control
- Apply field management practices to achieve optimum plant population

- Prepare main field with holes at correct spacing
- Water nursery bed and lift seedlings with soil ball
- Place seedlings in holes and firm soil around base
- Replace dead or failed seedlings (gapping)
- Provide water through appropriate irrigation methods
- Carry out weed control and earthing up where necessary

How do we transplant seedlings from nursery to the field?
What field management practices ensure successful crop growth?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 55
- Garden trowel
- Prepared seedbed
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 56
- Mulching materials
- Watering can
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 57
- School crop enterprise
- Farm tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer evaluation
- Practical observation - Oral questions - Written test

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Evaluating crop establishment project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Evaluate the crop growing project
- Make class presentations on achievements and improvements
- Document lessons learned for future crop production projects

- Assess growth and health of established crop
- Discuss achievements and areas of improvement
- Make presentations on justification of management practices

How do we evaluate success of a crop growing project?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 57
- Project records
- Manilla papers

- Oral presentation - Written report - Peer evaluation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Definition and identification of weeds
Crop Protection - Preserving weeds in a herbarium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term weed
- Identify common weeds using common and botanical names
- Recognize weeds as plants competing with crops in local farm fields

- Take field excursion to identify weeds in crop field
- Discuss common and botanical names of weeds
- Collect weed specimens for preservation

What is a weed and how are weeds identified?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 60
- Local crop field
- Collection tools
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 63
- Exercise book, cello tape
- Newspapers, weed specimens

- Field observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Classification by growth cycle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify weeds based on growth cycle
- Differentiate annual, biennial and perennial weeds
- Connect weed life cycle to appropriate control timing

- Discuss annual weeds (black jack, Mexican marigold)
- Explain biennial weeds (wild carrot)
- Describe perennial weeds (couch grass, nut grass)

How are weeds classified according to their life cycle?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 64
- Weed specimens
- Digital resources

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Classification by morphology
Crop Protection - Physical and cultural methods
Crop Protection - Biological and legislative methods
Crop Protection - Chemical weed control (Herbicides)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify weeds based on plant morphology
- Differentiate narrow-leaved and broad-leaved weeds
- Apply morphological classification to select appropriate herbicides
- Explain biological weed control methods
- Describe legislative weed control measures
- Connect biological control to sustainable weed management in water bodies

- Discuss characteristics of narrow-leaved weeds (couch grass, wild oats)
- Identify broad-leaved weeds (Sodom apple, lantana)
- Compare leaf structures of different weed types
- Discuss use of goats in coconut plantations
- Explain use of beetles to control water hyacinth
- Discuss government laws on noxious weeds

How does leaf structure help in classifying weeds?
How do biological agents and laws help control weeds?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 65
- Weed specimens
- Photographs
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 66
- Farm tools
- Mulching materials
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 68
- Photographs of biological control
- Digital resources
- Herbicide samples/labels

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Observation
- Oral questions - Written assignment - Group discussion

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Integrated weed control and practical application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain integrated weed control
- Carry out weed control using appropriate methods
- Combine multiple weed control methods for effective management

- Discuss combining mechanical, cultural and chemical methods
- Carry out weed control in school crop field
- Evaluate effectiveness of different methods

Why should farmers combine different weed control methods?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 70
- Farm tools
- School crop field

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Advantages and disadvantages of weeds
General Crop Harvesting - Timing, stage and purpose of harvest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain disadvantages of weeds to farming households
- Describe advantages of weeds
- Recognize some weeds as food sources and medicinal plants in local communities

- Discuss how weeds compete with crops and harbour pests
- Explain beneficial uses (fodder, food, medicine)
- Make presentations on economic importance of weeds

Are all weeds harmful to agricultural production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 71
- Weed specimens
- Digital resources
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 74
- Photographs of crop stages

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Group discussion

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Weather, crop type and market factors
General Crop Harvesting - Pre-harvest, harvesting and post-harvest of cereals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how weather conditions affect harvesting
- Describe influence of crop type and market on harvest timing
- Apply knowledge of harvesting factors to reduce post-harvest losses

- Discuss importance of harvesting cereals during dry weather
- Analyse how market demand and prices influence harvest decisions
- Compare harvesting requirements of different crop types

How do weather and market conditions influence harvesting?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 76
- Digital resources
- Market information
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 77
- Cereal crop samples
- Digital resources

- Written test - Oral questions - Group discussion

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Pre-harvest, harvesting and post-harvest of tubers
General Crop Harvesting - Carrying out harvesting processes
General Crop Harvesting - Benefits of proper harvesting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe pre-harvest practices for tubers
- Explain harvesting methods for tubers
- Apply curing process to heal injuries and extend storage life of potatoes
- Carry out pre-harvest, harvesting and post-harvest practices
- Apply appropriate harvesting techniques for available crops
- Handle harvested produce carefully to minimize damage and losses

- Discuss stopping irrigation and defoliation before harvest
- Explain manual and mechanical harvesting of potatoes
- Describe sorting, curing and storage of tubers
- Monitor crop maturity and carry out pre-harvest practices
- Harvest available cereal or tuber crop using appropriate method
- Perform post-harvest handling including sorting and drying

How are tubers harvested and prepared for storage?
How do we carry out proper harvesting of crops?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 78
- Fork jembe
- School garden
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 78
- Harvesting tools
- School crop enterprise
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 79
- Harvested produce samples
- Digital resources

- Written test - Practical observation - Oral questions
- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer evaluation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy breeds of cattle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristic features of dairy breeds of cattle
- Distinguish dairy cattle breeds based on their physical appearance
- Relate dairy cattle breeds to milk production in local farms

- Discuss using digital devices the characteristics of dairy breeds (Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey)
- Observe photographs and video clips of dairy cattle breeds
- Compare productivity levels of different dairy breeds

How do dairy cattle breeds differ in their characteristics and productivity?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 80
- Photographs of dairy cattle breeds
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 81
- Charts showing cattle breeds
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignment

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy breeds of cattle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify Jersey and Guernsey cattle breeds by their characteristics
- Explain the butter fat content advantage of Jersey and Guernsey breeds
- Relate breed characteristics to environmental adaptation in different regions

- Describe characteristics of Jersey and Guernsey breeds
- Discuss why Jersey milk has highest butter fat content
- Compare adaptability of dairy breeds to local conditions

What makes Jersey cattle suitable for small-scale dairy farming?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 82
- Photographs of Jersey and Guernsey cattle
- Reference books
- Digital devices

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Beef breeds of cattle
Breeds of Livestock - Dual purpose and indigenous cattle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristic features of beef breeds of cattle
- Distinguish beef cattle from dairy cattle by body shape
- Link beef cattle characteristics to meat production enterprises

- Discuss characteristics of beef breeds (blocky shape, deep bodies, short legs)
- Identify beef breeds such as Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and Charolais
- Use digital resources to search for beef cattle information

How do beef cattle characteristics differ from dairy cattle?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 83
- Photographs of beef cattle breeds
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 84
- Photographs of dual purpose and Zebu cattle
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Wool, mutton and dual purpose sheep
Breeds of Livestock - Mutton and dual purpose sheep
Breeds of Livestock - Dairy goats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify sheep into wool, mutton and dual purpose categories
- Describe characteristics of Merino sheep for wool production
- Connect sheep breed selection to textile and meat industries
- Describe characteristics of mutton sheep breeds
- Identify Dorper, Red Maasai and Somali sheep by their features
- Relate mutton sheep breeds to meat production and food security

- Search for video clips describing common breeds of sheep in Kenya
- Discuss characteristics of wool sheep (Merino)
- Complete a table on sheep breeds and their characteristics
- Discuss characteristics of Dorper, Red Maasai and Somali sheep
- Compare productivity of different mutton sheep breeds
- Discuss dual purpose breeds (Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Hampshire Down)

How are sheep breeds classified based on their products?
Why is the Dorper breed popular for mutton production in Kenya?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 85
- Photographs of sheep breeds
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 86
- Photographs of mutton sheep
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 87
- Photographs of dairy goats
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation
- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Meat, hair and dual purpose goats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristics of meat goat breeds
- Identify Small East African Goat, Galla and Boer goats
- Connect goat rearing to livelihood improvement in arid areas

- Discuss characteristics of meat goats (Small East African Goat, Galla, Boer)
- Describe Angora goat for hair production
- Discuss Anglo-Nubian as a dual purpose breed

How do meat goat breeds contribute to food security in arid regions?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 88
- Photographs of meat and hair goats
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Pork and bacon pig breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristics of pig breeds
- Distinguish pork breeds from bacon breeds
- Relate pig farming to income generation and employment

- Discuss characteristics of Large White, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc
- Compare pork and bacon production from different breeds
- Identify Berkshire as a bacon breed

What factors determine whether a pig breed is suitable for pork or bacon production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 91
- Photographs of pig breeds
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Common rabbit breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristics of common rabbit breeds
- Identify rabbit breeds by their features
- Link rabbit farming to household nutrition and supplementary income

- Search for characteristics of New Zealand White, California White and Chinchilla rabbits
- Discuss French Lop, Flemish Giant and Dutch rabbit characteristics
- Describe Angora rabbit for fur production

Why is rabbit farming becoming popular among small-scale farmers?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 93
- Photographs of rabbit breeds
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Role of livestock in the economy
Safe Handling of Animals - Forms of animal handling in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse the contribution of animal production to the economy
- Discuss the importance of breed diversity in livestock production
- Connect livestock farming to national food security and export earnings
- Describe various forms of animal handling in the community
- Identify inhumane treatment of livestock
- Relate proper animal handling to improved farm productivity

- Discuss the role of animal production in the country's economy
- Make presentations on comparative productivity from various livestock breeds
- Discuss the importance of genetic diversity in livestock
- Discuss situations where animals require handling
- Discuss inhumane treatment such as beating, poor restraining, inappropriate castration and poor transport
- Explain how poor handling affects animal productivity

How does livestock production contribute to Kenya's economy?
How does handling of animals affect their production and productivity?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 96
- Charts on livestock contribution
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 99
- Photographs showing animal handling
- Video clips
- Digital devices

- Oral presentation - Written test - Observation
- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignment

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Handling draught animals
Safe Handling of Animals - Crush pens and holding yards

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe proper handling of draught animals
- Explain the effects of overloading and extended working on animals
- Connect humane treatment of animals to their welfare and longevity

- Discuss proper harnessing of donkeys and oxen
- Explain effects of overloading draught animals
- Observe photographs of proper and improper animal handling

Why should draught animals be handled humanely during work?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 100
- Photographs of draught animals
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 103
- Photographs of crush pens

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Raceways, milking stalls and farrowing crates
Safe Handling of Animals - Methods of restraining animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the function of raceways in animal handling
- Explain how milking stalls and farrowing crates ensure safety
- Relate animal handling structures to reduced stress and injuries

- Discuss how raceways guide animals in single file
- Describe milking stalls and their components
- Explain how farrowing crates protect piglets from being crushed

Why are farrowing crates important in pig production?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 104
- Photographs of raceways and farrowing crates
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 105
- Bull ring, halter, rope
- Leading stick
- Docile animals

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Positioning and safe distance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain correct positioning when handling animals
- Describe the importance of maintaining safe distance
- Relate proper positioning to avoiding kicks and injuries

- Demonstrate correct positioning beside animals
- Explain why handlers should avoid standing in front of animals
- Discuss maintaining safe distance from animal legs

Why is correct positioning important when handling animals?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 106
- Photographs of animal handling positions
- Docile animals
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written test

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Humane handling practices
Safe Handling of Animals - Promoting safe handling in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate humane ways of handling animals
- Explain proper slaughtering, transporting and castration methods
- Connect humane treatment to animal welfare and ethical farming

- Demonstrate humane slaughtering of chicken
- Discuss proper transportation of poultry
- Explain appropriate castration methods using burdizzo and elastrator

How can we ensure animals do not suffer unnecessarily during handling?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 103
- Photographs showing humane practices
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 107
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Sample posters

- Observation of practical - Oral questions - Written assignment

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Importance of keeping animals healthy
General Animal Health - Economic and environmental benefits
General Animal Health - Physical appearance indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the benefits of keeping animals healthy
- Describe how animal health affects productivity
- Connect healthy livestock to safe food products and household income
- Identify signs of normal health in animals through physical appearance
- Describe signs of ill health in skin, eyes and mouth
- Recognise early signs of illness to prevent disease spread

- Discuss benefits of healthy animals (productivity, growth rate, reduced mortality)
- Explain how animal health relates to safety of animal products
- Use digital devices to search for information on animal health
- Observe animals and check skin, coat, eyes, mouth and nostrils
- Compare signs of healthy and sick animals
- Record observations in a table format

How is animal health important in animal production?
How can we identify sick animals by their physical appearance?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 110
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Video clips
- Charts on economic benefits
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 111
- Live animals
- Observation charts
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignment
- Observation of practical - Oral questions - Written assignment

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Behavioural indicators
General Animal Health - Measuring vital signs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify signs of ill health through animal behaviour
- Describe changes in feeding, drinking and social behaviour
- Detect health problems early through behavioural observation

- Observe animal behaviour (alertness, feeding, social interaction)
- Discuss behavioural signs of ill health
- Compare behaviour of healthy and sick animals

What behavioural changes indicate that an animal is sick?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 112
- Live animals
- Observation charts
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 113
- Clinical thermometer
- Stopwatch
- Live animals

- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Normal vital signs in different animals
General Animal Health - Preventive measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State normal temperature, pulse and respiration rates for different animals
- Compare vital signs across cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry
- Use vital signs data for accurate health assessment

- Study table of normal vital signs for different animals
- Compare vital signs of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chicken and rabbits
- Discuss factors affecting body temperature

What are the normal vital signs for different livestock species?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 115
- Charts of normal vital signs
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 117
- Samples of disinfectants
- Vaccination charts

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Quarantine and parasite control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of quarantine in disease control
- Describe methods of controlling external parasites
- Prevent disease outbreaks through proper biosecurity measures

- Discuss quarantine measures for notifiable diseases
- Explain control of vectors like ticks and tsetse flies
- Discuss proper housing conditions for disease prevention

Why is quarantine important during disease outbreaks?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 118
- Photographs of parasites
- Video clips
- Digital devices

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Applying disease control measures
Beekeeping - Factors in siting an apiary
Beekeeping - Traditional and modern hives
Beekeeping - How to stock a beehive

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply disease control measures in animal rearing
- Maintain proper records of animal health practices
- Integrate disease control into routine farm management
- Describe different types of beehives
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of each hive type
- Select appropriate hive types for different farming situations

- Practise applicable disease control measures on school animals
- Maintain records of health interventions
- Write journal entries on experiences in controlling animal diseases
- Discuss traditional hives (log hive, box hive)
- Describe Kenya Top Bar Hive (KTBH) structure and advantages
- Explain Langstroth hive for commercial beekeeping

How can we apply disease control measures in our animal rearing practices?
What are the different types of hives used in beekeeping?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 119
- Record books
- School animals
- First aid kit
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 120
- Photographs of apiaries
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 121
- Models of different hives
- Photographs of hives
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 123
- Digital devices
- Sugar syrup samples
- Reference books

- Project assessment - Observation - Written assignment
- Oral questions - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Safe apiary management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe apiary management practices
- Explain health monitoring and swarm management
- Maintain healthy bee colonies through proper management

- Discuss health monitoring practices (checking for pests, ensuring ventilation)
- Explain swarm management to prevent overcrowding
- Discuss feeding bees with sugar syrup

How do we manage an apiary safely and effectively?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 123
- Bee handling equipment
- Photographs of apiary management
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written test

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Causes of swarming, absconding and migration
Beekeeping - Robbing behaviour and prevention

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain causes of unexpected behaviours in bees
- Describe swarming, absconding and migration
- Prevent colony loss through understanding bee behaviour

- Search digital resources for information on bee behaviours
- Discuss causes of swarming (overcrowding, high temperatures)
- Explain absconding and migration triggers

Why do bees sometimes leave their hives unexpectedly?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 124
- Digital devices
- Video clips on bee behaviour
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 125
- Photographs of bee predators

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Honey harvesting process
Beekeeping - Economic importance of beekeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the honey harvesting process
- Demonstrate safe honey harvesting techniques through simulation
- Harvest honey without destroying bee colonies

- Discuss proper timing for honey harvesting
- Use mockup activity to demonstrate honey harvesting
- Explain proper extraction techniques to preserve honeycombs

How do we harvest honey safely from a beehive?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 125
- Bee suit and equipment models
- Photographs of harvesting
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 127
- Samples of bee products
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Observation of simulation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Exploring project opportunities
Animal Rearing Project - Factors in selecting an enterprise
Animal Rearing Project - Developing a project plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore opportunities in bird and insect rearing projects
- Identify viable animal rearing enterprises
- Select appropriate enterprise based on available resources
- Analyse factors in selecting an animal enterprise
- Consider resources, costs and market before selection
- Make informed decisions on enterprise selection

- Discuss opportunities in poultry rearing (layers, broilers, indigenous chicken)
- Explore insect rearing options (beekeeping, cricket farming)
- List resources required for different enterprises
- Discuss factors (prevailing opportunities, required resources, costs)
- Analyse available options for bird and insect rearing
- Select appropriate enterprise for school project

What opportunities exist for bird and insect rearing projects?
What factors should we consider when selecting an animal enterprise?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 128
- Photographs of enterprises
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 129
- Analysis charts
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 132
- Project plan template
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignment
- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Timelines, roles and responsibilities
Animal Rearing Project - Preparing a project budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop project timelines and phases
- Assign roles and responsibilities to team members
- Ensure effective collaboration through clear role allocation

- Develop project timelines and phases
- Assign team leaders and members
- Develop communication and collaboration plan

How do we allocate responsibilities in a project?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 133
- Project plan template
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 134
- Budget template
- Calculator
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Budget approval and financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Present budget for approval
- Explain the importance of budgeting in project management
- Ensure financial accountability through proper budgeting

- Present budget to class and teacher for review
- Discuss importance of budget (financial control, resource allocation)
- Improve budget based on feedback

How do we ensure our project budget is realistic and achievable?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 135
- Prepared budgets
- Presentation materials
- Reference books

- Oral presentation - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Setting up the project
Animal Rearing Project - Stocking and routine management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate site for the project
- Install required animal structures
- Prepare record templates for project management

- Select site for the project
- Install or prepare required structures (cages, feeders, waterers)
- Prepare appropriate record templates

How do we set up an animal rearing project?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 135
- Animal structures
- Record templates
- Tools and equipment
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 136
- Animals for stocking
- Feeds and equipment
- Record books

- Observation of practical - Oral questions - Written assignment

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Monitoring and record keeping
Animal Rearing Project - Evaluating the project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Monitor project progress regularly
- Maintain accurate records of all activities
- Use records for decision making and improvement
- Evaluate animal rearing practices in the project
- Assess achievement of project objectives
- Learn from experiences for future project improvement

- Conduct routine monitoring of project activities
- Record all observations, inputs and outputs
- Report progress at scheduled intervals
- Conduct project evaluation using template
- Assess achievement of objectives and profitability
- Make class presentations on achievements and challenges

Why is record keeping important in animal rearing projects?
How do we evaluate the success of our animal rearing project?

- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 136
- Record books
- Monitoring checklist
- Digital devices
- MTP Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 137
- Evaluation template
- Project records
- Presentation materials

- Record assessment - Oral questions - Observation
- Project report - Oral presentation - Observation