ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Alkanols (Alcohols).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Identify the functional group of alkanols.

Explain formation of alkanol molecules.

Q/A: review alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Teacher exposes new concepts and links them with already known concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 205

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Nomenclature of alkanols.
Isomerism in alkanols.
Preparation of ethanol in the lab.
Physical properties of alkanols.
Chemical properties of alkanols.
Esters and esterification.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanols.
Describe positional and chain isomerism in alkanols.
Explain formation of primary and secondary alkanols.
Describe preparation of ethanol in the laboratory.
Explain the physical properties of alkanols.
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols.
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.

Guided discovery of naming system for alkanols.
Draw and name structures of alkanols.
Q/A: review the terms positional and chain isomerism.
Brief discussion on isomerism.
Oral exercise: naming given organic compounds.
Written exercise: writing structural formulae for isomers of organic compounds of a given molecular formula.
Group experiments / teacher demonstration.
Discuss the fermentation process.
Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols.
Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Assignment.

student book
Calcium hydroxide solution, sugar solution, yeast.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 206-8
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 212

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.
Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids.
Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule.
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.

Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.
Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.
Brief discussion.
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.

student book
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.
Physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Explain some chemical properties of alkanoic acids.

Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.
Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.
Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.
Group experiment: investigate some chemical properties of ethanoic acid.
Carry out tests and record observations in a table.

Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.
student book
Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.
Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap.
Effects of hard / soft water on soap.
Soapless detergents.
Polymers and polymerization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.
Describe soap preparation in the lab.
Describe the nature of a soap molecule.
Explain the mode of action in cleaning.
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.
State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers.
Identify some products of polymerization.
State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials.

Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.
Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.
Expository and descriptive approaches.
Answer oral questions.
Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.
Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Teacher demonsration.
Brief discussion.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.

student book
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 225-7