EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The mammalian skin.
The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.

Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.
The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.
Describe features of the nephron.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.
To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment.

Detailed discussion.
Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions.

chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The Liver.
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a diagram of the liver.
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.
To state and explain other functions of the liver.

Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver.
Probing questions.
Discussion

Chart-Structure of the liver
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 93-94

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.
To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation.
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.
To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.
To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities.

Exposition and discussion.
Schematic representation of feedbacks.
Exposition and detailed discussion.
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams.
Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions.

text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism
text book
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe water and salts balance in the body.
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.
To explain regulation of blood sugar.
To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus.
To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus.

Detailed discussion.
Probing questions.
Topic review.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 100-101

CLASSIFICATION II

Principles of classification of living organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of classification of organisms.
Discuss the general principles of classification.
Identify major taxonomic units.

Q/A: To review Classification I.

Discussion of principles of classification of organisms.

Q/A: Major taxonomic units.

Chart- Taxonomic units.

KLB BK III.
PP 1-2. CERTIFICATE PG 1 

CLASSIFICATION II

Binomial Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a species.
To explain features of a species.
To explain principles of binomial nomenclature.

Probing questions leading to definition of a species.
Give examples of breeds and varieties.
Discuss the double- naming system and the underlying features.

Chart- Examples of generic and specific names of organisms.

KLB BK III.P 2. CERTIFICATE PG 3

CLASSIFICATION II

Animal Kingdoms. Kingdom Monera.
Kingdom Protoctista.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the five animal kingdoms.

State characteristics of members of kingdom Monera.
To identify and draw various bacteria.
To explain how bacteria affect our lives.

To give examples of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To state general characteristics of members of kingdom Protoctista.

Expository approach -The teacher will expose the five kingdoms.
Discussion- General characteristics of unicellular and microscopic organisms.
Drawing and labeling a bacterium.

Q/A: Economic importance of bacteria.

Teacher leads in a discussion.

Chart- Types of bacteria

KLB BK III.P 3. CERTIFICATE PG 4
KLB BK III.
PP 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 8

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms with varied forms.
Organisms in pond water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label an amoeba, paramecium, spirogyra, e.t.c.
To identify organisms in pond water.

Drawing and labelling organisms with varied forms.
Examine a drop of pond water on a glass slide under a microscope.
Draw diagrams of organisms observed.
Compare the observed organisms with those previously drawn and labelled.

Wall charts.
Microscope
Water dropper
Pond water
Glass slides.

KLB BK III. P 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 9

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom fungi.
To discuss economic importance of fungi.
To state general characteristics of fungi.

Detailed discussion.
Exposition of new concepts/ terms.

Mushrooms,
Yeast,
Bread mould.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 11

CLASSIFICATION II

Diagrams of Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label various fungi.

Examine bread mould.
Draw and label diagrams of various fngi.

Wall charts,
Bread mould,
Yeast,
Edible mushroom.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 12

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Plantae. General characteristics.
Division Bryophyta External structure of a Bryophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general characteristics of plants.
State general characteristics of Bryophyta.
To draw and label external features of an identified Bryophyta.
To identify features of Bryophyta.

Q/A: Compare plants with the aforementioned kingdoms, and then list down characteristics of plants.

Teacher leads in a discussion. Students examine moss plant under a hand lens, then
Draw and label the moss plant.

Moss plant,
Hand lens,
Slide.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 13
KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 14

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Pteridophyta.
Division Spermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Pteridophytes.
To draw and label external features of Pteridophytes.
To state general characteristics of spermatophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on characteristics of Pteridophytes.
Class experiments: To observe a live or preserved fern.
To draw and label the fern.
Teacher leads in a discussion on spermatophytes.

A live or preserved fern.
text book

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 15

CLASSIFICATION II

Features of Spermatophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify features of spermatophytes.

Class experiments: To examine a complete specimen of a bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

Complete specimens of bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Sub-division Gymnospermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of gymnospermatophyta.

Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Subdivision Angiospermaphyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of angiospermaphyta.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Comparing gymnospermatophyta and angiospermaphyta.

text book

KLB BK III. P 10. CERTIFICATE PG 16

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Monocotyledonae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down characteristics of Monocotyledonae.

Class experiments: Examine maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Discuss external features of the plants.

Maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.

KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Dicotyledonae.
Kingdom Animalia.
Phyllum Arthropoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down characteristics of Dicotyledonae.
To state characteristics of kingdom Animalia.
To state general characteristics of Arthropoda.

Class experiments: Examine external features of bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
Discuss their external features.
Q/A: To review general characteristics of animals as compared to those of plants.
Q/A: General characteristics of Arthropoda.

Bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
text book

KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17
KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 19

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Crustacea.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down external features of a crab/ crayfish.

Examine preserved specimens of a crab/ crayfish and identify external features.
Draw and label diagrams.
Discuss their general characteristics.

Specimens of a crab/ crayfish.

KLB BK III. P 13. CERTIFICATE PG 21

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Chilopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of a centipede.

Examine a centipede.
Draw and label a centipede.
Discuss general characteristics of Chilopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

A centipede.

KLB BK III. P 14. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Diplopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of a milipede.

Examine a milipede.
Draw and label a milipede.
Discuss general characteristics of diplopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

A milipede.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Arachnida.
Class Insecta.
Phyllum Chordata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of mites, spiders, scorpions, ticks.
To describe external features of common insects.
To identify general characteristics of chordates.

Examine specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Q/A: Differences between arachnids and members of other classes.
Discuss general characteristics of Arachnida.

Examine live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honeybee, termite, e.t.c.
List down general characteristics of insecta.
Discuss economic importance of insects.
Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.

Specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honey-bee, termite, e.t.c.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20
KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 21

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Pisces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.

Chart tilapia fish.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Amphibia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.

Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.

Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Reptilia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of reptilia.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 24

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Aves.
Class Mammalia.
Dichotomous key.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of aves.
To state general characteristics of Mammalia.
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

Q/A: Examples of egg laying mammals, pouched mammals, primates, etc.
Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.

Chart- Diagrams of birds.


Diagrams of various mammals.

KLB BK III. P 19. CERTIFICATE PG 24
KLB BK III. P 20. CERTIFICATE PG  25

CLASSIFICATION II

Features for identifying animals / plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list identification features for animals/ plants.

Teacher exposes features for identifying animals/ plants.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG 27

CLASSIFICATION II

Examples of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct dichotomous keys using leaves, stems, e.t.c.

Teacher leads through constructed dichotomous keys.

Chart- Constructed dichotomous keys.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG28

CLASSIFICATION II

Construction of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.

Supervised exercise.

Written exercise.

Exercise review.

Plants from different families.

Different plant species.

KLB BK III. PP 24-30 CERTIFICATE PG30