THE LEDGER.

The concept of double entry.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply the rule of double entry.
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.

Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

text book
Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120

THE LEDGER.

Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.
Record sales returns in ledger account.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 127-9

THE LEDGER.

Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record expenses in ledger account.
Record revenues in the ledger account.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 130-1

THE LEDGER.

Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.
Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
Limitations of a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record drawings in a ledger account.
Balance ledger accounts.
Balance an account with only one entry.
Outline uses of ledgers.
Identify features of a trial balance.
Explain the purpose of a trial balance.
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Guided discussion.
Q/A: review meaning of a trial balance;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;

The Ledger.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 132

THE LEDGER.

Classification of ledger accounts.
The general ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish personal from impersonal accounts.
Outline types of ledgers.
Outline features of the general ledger.

Probing questions;
Discussion.
Oral questions;
Guided discussion.

chart
Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 140

THE LEDGER.
THE CASH BOOK

Topic review.
Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Answer review questions correctly.
List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.

Answer questions from revision exercise.
Worked examples.
Written assignment.

Single-column cash book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 142-9

THE CASH BOOK
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.
Invoice.
Debit note and credit note.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance off the two- column cash book.
Post transactions from three-column cash book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.
Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.
Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.
Outline details of an invoice.
Define a debit note and a credit note.
Explain purposes of credit notes and credit note.

Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Probing questions;
Illustrated examples;
Guided discussion.
Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Exposition of new terms;
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Examine an invoice.
Probing questions on details of an invoice;
Discussion.
Examine a debit note and a credit note.
Brief discussion on features of the notes.

Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.
Cash receipts
Invoices.
Debit note and credit note.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 155-6




New
Inventor
K.L.B.
BK IV.
Pg 1-2

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Books of original entry. Sales journal.
Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.
Sales returns journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify entry features of a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Highlight features of a sales journal.
Prepare a sales journal given credit sales.
Transfer entries from a sales journal to a sales ledger and general ledger.
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.

Examine a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Discussion.
Brief discussion;
Illustrated example.
Discussion on illustrated examples.
Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.

Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Sales journal.
Sales ledger.
Sales returns journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 6-7

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.
Purchases journal.
Purchases return journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post entries from sales return journal to the general ledger and the sales ledger.
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.
Post entries from the journal to the purchases return ledger.

Illustrated example;
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.

Sales return journal sample page.
Purchases journal sample page.
Purchases return journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash receipt journal.
Cash payment journal.
The petty cash book with imprest system.
Analysis cash book.
General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.
Importance of journals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a cash receipt journal.
Post entries from the journal to the general ledger, cash book and debtors ledger.
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.
Make entries in a petty cash book.
Post entries from the book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in an analysis cash book.
Record transactions in a general journal.
Identify transactions that are passed through the general journal.
State reasons for maintaining journals.

Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.
Illustrated examples;
Group assignments.
Exposition of new concepts;
Worked examples;
Discussion;
Written exercise.
Supervised practice.
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.

Cash receipt journal.
Illustrated cash payment ledger.
Illustrated petty cash book.
Cash analysis sample page.
General journal sample page.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 20-21
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. PG. 32-36

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Introduction. Trading Period.
Gross Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of financial statements.
Explain the concept of a trading period of a business.
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.

Brainstorming, Q/A & Explanations.
Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.

text book
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 54

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Trading Account.
Net Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term trading account.
Illustrate trading accounts with worked examples.
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.

Q/A to review the process of obtaining gross profit or loss.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 57-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
The Balance Sheet.
The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
Types of Capital.
Types of capital in a balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Outline types of capital.
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.
Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.
Illustrative examples.
Written exercise.

magazines,charts
charts
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.
Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;
Written exercise.

chart,text book
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.
Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.
Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book
text book,chart
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MONEY & BANKING

Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.
Acid test or quick ratio.
Introduction. Barter trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.
Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.
Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.
Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

text book
chart, text book
Business Magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

MONEY & BANKING

Money system Characteristics of money.
Functions of money.
Demand for money (liquidity preference)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of money.
Explain major functions of money.
Define the term demand for money.
Explain the motives that influence the desire to keep money instead of other assets.

Brainstorming and superficial discussion.
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Q/A: review the term demand.
Exposition and probing questions.

text book
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96

MONEY & BANKING

Supply of money. Banking System.
Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
Services offered by commercial banks.
Non-banking financial institutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term supply of money.
Identify various monetary items that are in circulation in an economy.
Identify elements of banking system in Kenya.
Outline a brief history on development of banking.
Identify methods employed by commercial banks to generate profits.
Identify services offered by commercial banks.
Describe other services offered by commercial banks.
Cite examples of non-banking financial institutions.
State functions of non-banking financial institutions.
Outline differences between commercial bank and NBFI.

Q/A: review the term supply.
Expository approach
Analyse the hierarchy of banks in Kenya.
Give examples of banks in each category.
Exposition and probing questions;
Detailed discussion.
Discussion on lending money, safekeeping of valuable items, money transfer facilities, e.g. standing order, cheques, savings and current accounts, time deposits.
Exposition;
Brief discussion;
Probing questions.

chart,text book
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 99-100

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of the Central bank.
Trends in banking.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify objectives and functions of the Central Bank.
Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.

Exposition of new ideas;
Guided discussion.
Brain storming;
Discussion.

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 113-8