ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Redox reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.

Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Oxidizing Numbers.
Displacement reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline rules of assigning oxidation numbers.
Determine the oxidation numbers of an element in a given compound.
Explain the use of oxidation numbers in naming compounds.
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.

Exposition and giving specific examples.
Work out oxidizing number of elements in given compounds.
Copy and complete a table of compounds containing elements that more than one oxidation number.

Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.

student book
Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 109-116
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

The oxidizing power of an element.
Cell diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Arrange elements in order of their oxidizing power.
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.

Teacher demonstration / group expts:
Adding halogens to solutions containing halide ions.
Tabulate the results.
Discuss the results and arrive at the oxidizing power series of halogens.
Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.

Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).
Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.
Zinc/ copper cell.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 120-122

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard electrode potential series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Emf of a cell.
Possibility of a reaction to take place.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials.

Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.

Worked examples.
Oral exercise.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 133-136
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Primary and secondary chemical cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the functioning of primary and secondary chemical cells.

Exposition of new concepts and brief discussion
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 138-141

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.

Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.

Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of brine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Brine voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Factors affecting electrolysis.
Application of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Explain factors that affect electrolytic products discharged at electrodes.
Describe some applications of electrolysis.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.
Q/A: review the electrochemical series of elements.
Teacher writes down order of ease of discharge of ions at electrodes.
Discussion: other factors; giving suitable examples.
Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.

Sulphuric acid voltameter.
student book
Suitable voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Solve problems related to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

Discuss above results, leading to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

Worked examples.

Assignment.

Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 161-4

METALS

Ores of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Name the chief ores of some metals.

Exposition and brief discussion.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 168-9

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of sodium.
Occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of sodium.
Describe occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

Oral questions on electrolysis and equations at electrodes.
Brief discussion on occurrence and extraction.
Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Down?s cell.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 170-171

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of iron.
Occurrence and extraction of zinc.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of iron.
Describe occurrence and extraction of zinc by electrolysis and reduction methods.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Blast furnace.
Flow chart: extraction of Zinc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 173-5
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 175-9

METALS

Extraction of lead.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how lead is extracted.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of lead.

Flow chart: extraction of lead.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 179-80

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of copper.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extraction of copper.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of copper.

Flow chart: extraction of copper.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 181-183

METALS

Physical properties of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general properties of metals.
Explain the difference in physical properties of metals.

Compare physical properties of some metals as summarized in a chart.
Q/A & discussion based on physical properties.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 183-4

METALS

Reaction of metals with oxygen.
Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effect of burning metals in air.
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.

Teacher demonstration / Group experiments.
Burning some metals in air.
Write relevant equations.
Brief discussion.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.

Common lab. metals.
Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 184-6
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9

METALS

Reaction of metals with chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the reaction of metals with chlorine.

Teacher demonstration in a fume cupboard / in the open.
Investigate reaction of metals with chorine
Write corresponding equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 189-191

METALS

Reaction of metals with acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe and explain reaction of metals with acids.

Group experiments: investigate reaction of metals with dilute acids.
Teacher demonstration: investigate reaction of metals with concentrated acids.
Discuss the observations made and write relevant chemical equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

Acids; HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 191-4

METALS

Uses of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of some metals and alloys.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Uses of Sodium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron and Copper & some alloys.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 194-7

METALS
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Environmental effects of extraction of metals.
Physical properties of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some environmental effects of extraction of metals.
Explain the physical properties of alkanols.

Oral questions and open discussion.

Assignment / Topic review.
Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 197-8
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 212

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols.

Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 213-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Esters and esterification.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.

Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 215-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health

Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids.
Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule.

Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.

Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.

Brief discussion.
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.

student book
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 219
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.

Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.

Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.

Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Physical properties of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.

Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 223-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.

Group experiment: investigate some chemical properties of ethanoic acid.
Carry out tests and record observations in a table.
Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.

Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 224-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab.
Describe the nature of a soap molecule.
Explain the mode of action in cleaning.

Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.




Expository and descriptive approaches.
Answer oral questions.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 230-232

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Effects of hard / soft water on soap.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.

Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 232-235

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soapless detergents.
Polymers and polymerization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.
State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers.
Identify some products of polymerization.
State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials.

Teacher demonsration.
Brief discussion.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 235-238

RADIOACTIVITY

Definition of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.

Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 249-251

RADIOACTIVITY

Alpha particles.
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of alpha particles.
Describe methods of detecting alpha particles.
Write down and balance equations involving alpha particles.
State properties of beta particles.
Define isotopes and isobars.
Write down balanced equations involving both alpha and beta particles.
State properties of gamma rays.
Define the term radioactive half-life. Solve problems relating to half ?life

Q/A: position of helium in the periodic table.
Expository approach:
Q/A: Review atomic and mass numbers.
Examples of balanced equations.
Supervised practice.
Q/A: Review isotopes.
Expository approach: teacher briefly exposes new concepts.
Examples of equations.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Teacher demonstration: Dice experiment.
Exposition of the term half-life.
Worked examples.
Written exercise

student book
student book
Dice.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 251-253

RADIOACTIVITY

Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.
Differentiate between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
Describe applications of radioactivity.

Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.
Exposition of new concepts accompanied by nuclear equations.
Brief discussion: Carbon dating, detecting leakage, medication, agriculture, industry; effect of static charges, etc.

Graph papers.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5