EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Molten electrolytes.
Electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities molten electrolytes.
To define electrolysis
To describe the process of electrolysis in terms of charge movement.

Group experiments- to identify electrolytes in molten form.
Explain the difference in molten electrolytes.
Descriptive approach punctuated with Q/A.

Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 120-121

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.
Reaction on electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an electrolyte
To test for electrical conductivities of electrodes.
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode

To investigate chemical effect of an electric current.
Classify the solutions as electrolyte or non -electrolytes.
Discuss the electrical properties of the solutions.
To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.
Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.122-123
K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Binary electrolyte.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a binary electrolyte.
To state the products of a binary electrolyte.

Completing a table of electrolysis of binary electrolytes.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P.127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Application of electrolysis.
Electroplating.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state application of electrolysis.
To describe electroplating process.

Discussion and explanations.
Experiment- Left overnight.
Electroplating an iron nail with silver nitrate/ copper sulphate.
Brief discussion.

text book
Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 128

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Allotropy.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define allotropes and allotropy.
Identify allotropes of carbon.
Represent diamond and graphite diagrammatically.

Teacher exposes new terms.
Review covalent bond.
Discuss boding in diamond and graphite.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 131-133

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon
Burning carbon and oxygen.
Reduction properties of carbon.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
State uses of carbon allotropes.
Describe reaction of carbon with oxygen.
Describe reduction properties of carbon.
Show reduction properties of carbon.

Discuss physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Explain the Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Discuss uses of carbon allotropes.
Teacher demonstration- Prepare oxygen and pass dry oxygen into a tube containing carbon. Heat the carbon. Observe effects on limewater.
Teacher demonstration ? Burn strongly a mixture of carbon and CuO on a bottle top.
Observe colour changes and give underlying explanation

Charcoal, graphite.
Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.
CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 134
K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with acids.




Prepare CO2 in the lab.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of carbon with hot conc HNO3.
Write balanced equations for the reaction.

Review effects of heat on carbonates.
Group experiments/teacher demonstration- preparation of CO2.

Conc. HNO3, limewater.

K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe properties of CO2

Simple experiments to determine properties of CO2.

Discuss the observations.

Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.138-139

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write balanced CO2.

Give examples of reactions. Write corresponding balanced chemical equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.139-140

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of CO2
To describe preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab

Discuss briefly the uses of CO2.
Teacher demonstration: preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab.
Make observations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.140-1

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
To write chemical equations for reactions of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids.

Description of properties of carbon monoxide.
Discussion and writing of chemical equations.
Discuss the observations above.
Write chemical equations for the reactions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 144-145

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.
Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations for reaction of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates on heating.
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss the above observations.
Write corresponding balanced equations.
Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.
Discuss each step of the process.

Write relevant equations.

text book
text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.150-151

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss each step of the process.

Write relevant equations.

text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK II

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss: - Importance of carbon in nature.
&
Effects of carbon on the environment.

Discuss the carbon cycle and processes that increase/ reduce amount of CO2 in the air.
Uses of CO2 in soft drinks and fire extinguishers.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.157-158

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

chart

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot and intepret graphs involving pressure and volume of gases.

Completing tables and plotting graphs.
Interpret the plotted graphs.
Make deductions from the graphs.

Graph papers.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 4-5

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.
Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.
Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.
student book

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Numerical questions on Charles? Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical problems based on Charles? Law.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 12-14

GAS LAWS

Numerical questions on Charles? Law.
Combined Gas Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical problems based on Charles? Law.
Derive the Gas Law.
Derive the combined gas law equation.
Solve numerical problems using the equation.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Assignment.
Q/A: - Combining Boyle?s and Charles? Laws.
Worked examples.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 12-14

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 14-16

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14