EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Molten electrolytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities molten electrolytes.

Group experiments- to identify electrolytes in molten form.
Explain the difference in molten electrolytes.

Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 120-121

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrolysis.
Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.
Reaction on electrodes.
Binary electrolyte.
Application of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define electrolysis
To describe the process of electrolysis in terms of charge movement.
To define an electrolyte
To test for electrical conductivities of electrodes.
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode
To define a binary electrolyte.
To state the products of a binary electrolyte.
To state application of electrolysis.

Descriptive approach punctuated with Q/A.
To investigate chemical effect of an electric current.
Classify the solutions as electrolyte or non -electrolytes.
Discuss the electrical properties of the solutions.
To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.
Completing a table of electrolysis of binary electrolytes.
Discussion and explanations.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.
Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II
K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Electroplating.
Allotropy.
Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe electroplating process.
Define allotropes and allotropy.
Identify allotropes of carbon.
Represent diamond and graphite diagrammatically.
Describe physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
State uses of carbon allotropes.

Experiment- Left overnight.
Electroplating an iron nail with silver nitrate/ copper sulphate.
Brief discussion.
Teacher exposes new terms.
Review covalent bond.
Discuss boding in diamond and graphite.
Discuss physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Explain the Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Discuss uses of carbon allotropes.

Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.
text book
Charcoal, graphite.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 129-30

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning carbon and oxygen.
Reduction properties of carbon.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with oxygen.
Describe reduction properties of carbon.
Show reduction properties of carbon.

Teacher demonstration- Prepare oxygen and pass dry oxygen into a tube containing carbon. Heat the carbon. Observe effects on limewater.
Teacher demonstration ? Burn strongly a mixture of carbon and CuO on a bottle top.
Observe colour changes and give underlying explanation

Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.
CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 134-135

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.
Properties of CO2.
Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with acids.
Prepare CO2 in the lab.
Describe properties of CO2
Write balanced CO2.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of carbon with hot conc HNO3.
Write balanced equations for the reaction.
Review effects of heat on carbonates.
Group experiments/teacher demonstration- preparation of CO2.
Simple experiments to determine properties of CO2.
Discuss the observations.
Give examples of reactions. Write corresponding balanced chemical equations.

Conc. HNO3, limewater.
Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.
Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of CO2
To describe preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab
To describe chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
To write chemical equations for reactions of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids.
To write equations for reaction of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates on heating.
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss briefly the uses of CO2.
Teacher demonstration: preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab.
Make observations.
Description of properties of carbon monoxide.
Discussion and writing of chemical equations.
Discuss the observations above.
Write chemical equations for the reactions.
Discuss the above observations.
Write corresponding balanced equations.
Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.140-1

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.
Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.
To discuss: - Importance of carbon in nature.
&
Effects of carbon on the environment.

Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.
Discuss the carbon cycle and processes that increase/ reduce amount of CO2 in the air.
Uses of CO2 in soft drinks and fire extinguishers.

text book, chart
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Isolation of nitrogen from air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Describe isolation of nitrogen from air.

Teacher demonstration, explanations and equations.

Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 134-135

Longhorn Book
P 186

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Industrial production of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe industrial production of nitrogen.

Discussion and description.
Drawing schematic diagram for the process.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP.135-136

Longhorn Book
PP 188-9

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Lab. preparation of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe lab preparation of nitrogen.

Teacher demonstration:
Students? record observations made from tests on the gas.
Writing equations of reactions.

Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate

K.L.B. BK III
P. 137

Longhorn
Book III
P 190-1

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.
Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State physical and chemical properties of nitrogen.
List down uses of nitrogen.
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Discussion and writing equations.
Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

charts
Ammonium nitrate.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 138

Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To list down uses of nitrogen (I) oxide.

To describe lab preparation of nitrogen (II) oxide.

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.

Teacher elucidates uses of nitrogen (1) oxide.

Class experiment: Preparation and carrying out tests on the gas.
Observations recorded in a table.

charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 141
Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

K.L.B. BK III
P. 142
Longhorn
Book III
PP 200-1

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (II) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (11) oxide
To describe nitrogen (IV) oxide lab preparation.

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.
Carry out a confirmatory test for the presence of the gas.
Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of the gas and corresponding equation.
Tests on the gas and make observations.

charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 143

Longhorn
Book III
PP 192-200

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To state uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

Deduce physical properties from the table of observations.
To describe chemical properties from the table of observations.
Discuss uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-147

Longhorn
Book III
P 204

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ammonia

Q/A: Structure of ammonia.
Group experiments: Preparation of ammonia.
Tests on the gas.

Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 147-148

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of ammonia.
Solubility of ammonia.
Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of ammonia.
To describe an experiment to determine solubility of ammonia.
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.
To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.

Deduce physical properties from the observations above.
Discuss chemical properties from the observations above.
Write down chemical equations.

Teacher demonstration.
Discussion.
Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.
Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.

charts
charts
2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Ionic equations of above reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write iIonic equations of above reactions.

Discuss precipitation of metal hydroxides by aqueous ammonia.
Confirmatory tests for various concentrations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.154

Longhorn BK III
P 223

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning ammonia in the air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe burning ammonia in the air.

Teacher demonstration
Discussion
Chemical equations of reactions.

Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158
Longhorn
Book III
PP 219

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name products formed when ammonia reacts with hot CuCl2 solid.
To explain reducing properties of ammonia.

Teacher demonstration and discussion.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Haber process.
Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify raw materials for Haber process and how they are obtained in large scale.
Discuss the Haber process.
Represent Haber process in a schematic diagram.
To list down uses of ammonia.
To list down nitrogenous fertilizers.
To describe lab preparation of nitric acid.

Discussion and explanations.
Teacher elucidates uses of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers.
Teacher demonstration.
Write equations of reaction.
Discussion.

Chart- schematic diagram.
charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 159-160
225-226
K.L.B. BK III
P. 163

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To describe action of nitric acid on carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.
Group experiments: - Action of Nitric acid on hydrogen carbonates.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

Discussion and corresponding equations.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.
Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict results of reacting dilute nitric acid with metal hydroxides and oxides.
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Group experiments & writing equations for the reactions.
Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Metal hydroxides.
Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 168

Longhorn
Book III
PP 238-240

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.
To write equations of decomposition of nitrates on heating.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.
Discuss above observations.
Write relevant equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.
Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.
To explain the pollution of nitrogen compounds in the environment.
To state ways of reducing environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.
Brief guided discussion.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243