GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
Q/A: Definition
Brief discussion of significance of respiration.

Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Burning food.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
To describe anaerobic respiration.
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.
Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.
Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.

Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74
K.L.B. BK 2
P.77

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.


To define homeostasis and excretion.
To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals.

Brief discussion/ explanations.
Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
Detailed discussion and explanations.


Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.

Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

Some plants excretory products.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.

Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90