ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define organic Chemistry.
To define a hydrocarbon.
To identify groups of hydrocarbons.
To describe the carbon atom.
To identify various alkanes.
To list sources of alkanes.
To state uses of different fractions of crude oil.
To define cracking of alkanes.

Discuss composition of the carbon atom; hence deduce number of valence electrons.
Exposition of new terms.
Expose various alkanes.
Discuss the biomass digester, fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of the fractions.
Discuss the cracking process.

student book
Chart of biomass digester.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 92
Longhorn
Book III
P 135

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming Alkanes.
Members of Alkane series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkanes.
To define a homologous series.
To name members of alkane series and identify their characteristics.
To draw the structures of alkane series.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

student book
Chart- structure of alkanes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 94-98
Longhorn
Book III
PP 136-139

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkanes.
Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
Trend in physical properties of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and name isomers of simple hydrocarbons.
To describe laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
To state physical properties of the gases prepared.
To describe the trend in physical properties of alkanes.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.
Teacher demonstration.
Discussion.
Study a table of comparative properties of alkanes.
Make deductions from the table.

Models.
Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 101-102 Longhorn Book III
PP 141-2

K.L.B. BK III
P. 103

Longhorn
Book III
PP 146

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of alkanes.
Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chemical properties of alkanes.
To describe substitution reactions involving alkanes.
To list down uses of alkanes.

Discussion
Examples of balanced equations.
Discussion
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 107
Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.
Naming alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write molecular formulae of alkenes.
To name various alkenes.

Examine table of members of alkenes.
To identify members of alkene series.
Q/Q: Nomenclature in alkenes.
Compare alkenes; hence deduce names of various alkenes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP 153-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkene isomerism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between branching and positional isomerism.

Discussion and drawing of molecular structures.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 158-60

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Preparing ethene in the lab.
Physical properties of ethene.
Chemical properties of ethene.
Alkenes and oxidizing agents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ethene.
To describe physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.
To explain halogenation and hydrogenation reactions.
To describe reactions of alkenes with oxidizing agents.

Teacher demonstration: - Carry out tests on ethene as students note down the observations in a table.
To discuss physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.
Discussion and drawing structures.
Review the double bonds in alkenes.
Review reduction process, oxidizing agent.
Discuss reactions of alkenes with conc. H2SO4, acidified potassium chromate.
Expose hydrolysis process.

chart
student book
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P 162

KLB BK III
PP. 118-119
Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Uses of alkenes & Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of alkenes.

Teacher elucidates uses of alkenes.

Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 121 Longhorn Book
PP 170-1

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkynes.
Physical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw structure showing positional and branching isomerism.
To list down physical properties of ethyne.

Discussion and drawing structures.
Teacher demonstration: Preparation of ethyne.
Deduce properties of other alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 124-125
Longhorn
Book III
PP 176-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Chemical properties of ethyne.
Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.
Redox reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe combustion, halogenation and hydrogenation processes.
To describe tests for alkynes and state uses of alkynes.


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.

Discussion and writing of equations.
Discussion and explanations.
Assignment.


Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.

charts
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 127-129
Longhorn Book III
PP 180-184

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Oxidizing Numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline rules of assigning oxidation numbers.
Determine the oxidation numbers of an element in a given compound.
Explain the use of oxidation numbers in naming compounds.

Exposition and giving specific examples.
Work out oxidizing number of elements in given compounds.
Copy and complete a table of compounds containing elements that more than one oxidation number.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 109-116

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Displacement reactions.
The oxidizing power of an element.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.
Arrange elements in order of their oxidizing power.

Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.
Teacher demonstration / group expts:
Adding halogens to solutions containing halide ions.
Tabulate the results.
Discuss the results and arrive at the oxidizing power series of halogens.

Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.
Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).
Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Cell diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.

Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.

Zinc/ copper cell.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.
Standard electrode potential series.
Emf of a cell.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.
Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.
Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Possibility of a reaction to take place.
Primary and secondary chemical cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials.
Describe the functioning of primary and secondary chemical cells.

Worked examples.
Oral exercise.
Assignment.
Exposition of new concepts and brief discussion

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.

Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.

Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of brine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Brine voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Factors affecting electrolysis.
Application of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Explain factors that affect electrolytic products discharged at electrodes.
Describe some applications of electrolysis.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.
Q/A: review the electrochemical series of elements.
Teacher writes down order of ease of discharge of ions at electrodes.
Discussion: other factors; giving suitable examples.
Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.

Sulphuric acid voltameter.
student book
Suitable voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Physical properties of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Solve problems related to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Explain the physical properties of alkanols.

Discuss above results, leading to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Worked examples.
Assignment.
Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols.

Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 161-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties of alkanols.
Esters and esterification.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols.
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.

Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 213-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health

Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids.
Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule.

Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.

Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.

Brief discussion.
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.

student book
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 219
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.

Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.

Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.

Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Physical properties of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.

Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 223-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.

Group experiment: investigate some chemical properties of ethanoic acid.
Carry out tests and record observations in a table.
Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.

Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 224-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap.
Effects of hard / soft water on soap.
Soapless detergents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab.
Describe the nature of a soap molecule.
Explain the mode of action in cleaning.
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.
State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.

Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.
Expository and descriptive approaches.
Answer oral questions.
Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.
Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Teacher demonsration.
Brief discussion.

student book
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 232-235

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Polymers and polymerization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers.
Identify some products of polymerization.
State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.

Detailed discussion.

Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 238-242