GENETICS

The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation.
Causes of variation.
The chromosome.
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Discuss causes of variation.
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Exposition of new concepts.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

text book
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers
text book
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV.
P 3.
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.
DNA replication.
First law of heredity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.

Expository approach.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
Exposition with explanations.

Chart- the double helix DNA.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

Monohybrid inheritance.
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

text book
Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Determining unknown genotypes.
Sex determination in man.
Sex-linked genes and traits.
Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.
Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Describe sex determination in man.
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

text book
text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
chart

KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33

GENETICS
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION

Applications of genetics.
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
Evidence for organic evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.
Cite evidence for organic evolution.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
Brain storming;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.
Exposition;
Discussion.

text book,video
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Expositions and explanations.
Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63