CLASSIFICATION II

Principles of classification of living organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of classification of organisms.
Discuss the general principles of classification.
Identify major taxonomic units.
To define a species.
To explain features of a species.
To explain principles of binomial nomenclature.

Q/A: To review Classification I.
Discussion of principles of classification of organisms.
Q/A: Major taxonomic units.
Probing questions leading to definition of a species.
Give examples of breeds and varieties.
Discuss the double- naming system and the underlying features.

Chart- Taxonomic units.
Chart- Examples of generic and specific names of organisms.

KLB BK III.
PP 1-2. CERTIFICATE PG 1 

CLASSIFICATION II

Animal Kingdoms. Kingdom Monera.
Kingdom Protoctista.
Organisms with varied forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the five animal kingdoms.
State characteristics of members of kingdom Monera.
To identify and draw various bacteria.
To explain how bacteria affect our lives.
To give examples of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To state general characteristics of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To draw and label an amoeba, paramecium, spirogyra, e.t.c.

Expository approach -The teacher will expose the five kingdoms.
Discussion- General characteristics of unicellular and microscopic organisms.
Drawing and labeling a bacterium.
Q/A: Economic importance of bacteria.
Teacher leads in a discussion.
Drawing and labelling organisms with varied forms.

Chart- Types of bacteria
chart
Wall charts.

KLB BK III.P 3. CERTIFICATE PG 4

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms in pond water.
Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.
Diagrams of Fungi.
Kingdom Plantae. General characteristics.
Division Bryophyta External structure of a Bryophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organisms in pond water.
To give examples of members of kingdom fungi.
To discuss economic importance of fungi.
To state general characteristics of fungi.
To draw and label various fungi.
State general characteristics of plants.
State general characteristics of Bryophyta.
To draw and label external features of an identified Bryophyta.
To identify features of Bryophyta.

Examine a drop of pond water on a glass slide under a microscope.
Draw diagrams of organisms observed.
Compare the observed organisms with those previously drawn and labelled.
Detailed discussion.
Exposition of new concepts/ terms.
Examine bread mould.
Draw and label diagrams of various fngi.
Q/A: Compare plants with the aforementioned kingdoms, and then list down characteristics of plants.
Teacher leads in a discussion. Students examine moss plant under a hand lens, then
Draw and label the moss plant.

Microscope
Water dropper
Pond water
Glass slides.
Mushrooms,
Yeast,
Bread mould.
Wall charts,
Bread mould,
Yeast,
Edible mushroom.
Moss plant,
Hand lens,
Slide.

KLB BK III. P. 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 10
KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 12

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Pteridophyta.
Division Spermatophyta.
Features of Spermatophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Pteridophytes.
To draw and label external features of Pteridophytes.
To state general characteristics of spermatophytes.
To identify features of spermatophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on characteristics of Pteridophytes.
Class experiments: To observe a live or preserved fern.
To draw and label the fern.
Teacher leads in a discussion on spermatophytes.
Class experiments: To examine a complete specimen of a bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

A live or preserved fern.
text book
Complete specimens of bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 15

CLASSIFICATION II

Sub-division Gymnospermatophyta.
Subdivision Angiospermaphyta.
Class Monocotyledonae.
Class Dicotyledonae.
Kingdom Animalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of gymnospermatophyta.
To state general characteristics of angiospermaphyta.
To list down characteristics of Monocotyledonae.
To list down characteristics of Dicotyledonae.
To state characteristics of kingdom Animalia.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Comparing gymnospermatophyta and angiospermaphyta.
Class experiments: Examine maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Discuss external features of the plants.
Class experiments: Examine external features of bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
Discuss their external features.
Q/A: To review general characteristics of animals as compared to those of plants.

text book
Maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Bean plant/ black jack/ tea.

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Phyllum Arthropoda.
Class Crustacea.
Class Chilopoda.
Class Diplopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Arthropoda.
To list down external features of a crab/ crayfish.
To describe external features of a centipede.
To describe external features of a milipede.

Q/A: General characteristics of Arthropoda.
Examine preserved specimens of a crab/ crayfish and identify external features.
Draw and label diagrams.
Discuss their general characteristics.
Examine a centipede.
Draw and label a centipede.
Discuss general characteristics of Chilopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.
Examine a milipede.
Draw and label a milipede.
Discuss general characteristics of diplopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

Specimens of a crab/ crayfish.
A centipede.
A milipede.

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 19

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Arachnida.
Class Insecta.
Phyllum Chordata.
Class Pisces.
Class Amphibia.
Class Reptilia.
Class Aves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of mites, spiders, scorpions, ticks.
To describe external features of common insects.
To identify general characteristics of chordates.
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.
To state general characteristics of reptilia.
To state general characteristics of aves.

Examine specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Q/A: Differences between arachnids and members of other classes.
Discuss general characteristics of Arachnida.
Examine live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honeybee, termite, e.t.c.
List down general characteristics of insecta.
Discuss economic importance of insects.
Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.
Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.
Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.
Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

Specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honey-bee, termite, e.t.c.
Chart tilapia fish.
Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.
Chart- Diagrams of birds.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20
KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Mammalia.
Dichotomous key.
Features for identifying animals / plants.
Examples of dichotomous keys.
Construction of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Mammalia.
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.
To list identification features for animals/ plants.
To construct dichotomous keys using leaves, stems, e.t.c.
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.

Q/A: Examples of egg laying mammals, pouched mammals, primates, etc.
Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.
Teacher exposes features for identifying animals/ plants.
Teacher leads through constructed dichotomous keys.
Supervised exercise.
Written exercise.
Exercise review.

Diagrams of various mammals.
Chart- Constructed dichotomous keys.
Plants from different families.
Different plant species.

KLB BK III. P 20. CERTIFICATE PG  25