GENETICS

The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation.
Causes of variation.
The chromosome.
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Discuss causes of variation.
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Exposition of new concepts.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

text book
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers
text book
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV.
P 3.
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.
DNA replication.
First law of heredity.
Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Expository approach.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
Exposition with explanations.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

Chart- the double helix DNA.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

text book
Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Discussion.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;

chart
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.
Sex-linked genes and traits.
Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.
Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Probing questions;
Exposition of new concepts;
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
chart

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Applications of genetics.
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
Tropism and types of tropism.
Nastic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Identify types of nastic responses

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Q/A and discussion.

text book,video
Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
Types of neurons. The brain.
Reflex actions.
Transmission of a nerve impulse.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.
Identify types of neurons.
Describe structure of the human brain.
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.

text book
Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83