REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction
Cell division.
Mitosis.
Mitosis in a young root tip.
Significance of mitosis.
Meiosis.
First and second meiotic divisions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.
To state importance of reproduction.
To define genes and chromosomes.
To describe the role of chromosomes in cell division.
To describe the process of mitosis.
To describe an experiment to show mitosis in a young root tip.
To explain significance of mitosis.
To distinguish meiosis from mitosis.
To explain the principle underlying meiosis.
To describe the processes of first and second meiotic divisions.

Q/A: Defination of reproduction.
Teacher illustrates and explains sexual and asexual reproduction.
Detailed discussion.
Teacher leads in a detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams showing stages of mitosis.
Group experiments: Observing different stages of mitosis. Drawing cells showing stages of mitosis.
Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.
Detailed discussion.
Explanations
Explanations and drawing diagrams.

text book
chart
charts
Onion root tip.
Microscope
IM HCl
Cover slides.
text book
Chart- stages of second meiotic division.

KLB BK III. P 78. CERTIFICATE PG 99
KLB BK III.
P 80. CERTIFICATE PG 100

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Meiosis in plant cells.
Significance of meiosis.
Asexual reproduction. Binary fission.
Spore formation.
Budding.
Budding in yeast.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various stages of meiosis.
To explain significance of meiosis.
To identify types of asexual reproduction.
To describe the stages of binary fission in amoeba.
To describe the process of spore formation in bread// ugali mould.
To explain conditions necessary for budding in yeast.

Group experiments- meiosis in young flower bulbs.
Drawing cells showing stages of meiosis.
Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions leading to differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing diagrams/ discussion.
Mould on bread /ugali.
Identify and draw hyphae and sporangia.
Identifying, drawing and labeling yeast cells.

Flower buds
IM HCl
Source of heat
Glass slide
Filter paper
Microscope
Chart- Binary fission in amoeba
Microscope bread/ ugali mould
Hand lens.
Previously prepared 10% sugar solution
Methylene blue
Microscope

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 105

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction in plants. Structure of a flower.
Flower terminologies.
Pollination. Insect-pollinated flowers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a flower.
To explain terms related to flowers.
To define pollination.
To identify agents of pollination.
To describe the structure of insect-pollinated flowers.

Group experiments- Examine flowers and identify parts.
Counting number of sepals, petals, stamen, carpels.
Exposition of new concepts.
Teacher demonstration- examining features of flowers.
Q/A: Definition of pollination.
Agents of pollination.
Class experiment- Structure of insect pollinated flowers.
Students identify various parts.

Bean flower
Morning glory
Bauhinia Longitudinal section of a general flower.
Flowers.
Insect-pollinated flowers.

KLB BK III.
P 90.CERTIFICATE PG 117

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Wind-pollinated flowers.
Adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
Features hindering self-pollination.
Fertilisation process in flowering plants.
Seed formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of wind-pollinated flowers.
To state and explain adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
To discuss features and mechanisms that hinder self-pollination in plants.
To define fertilisation.
To describe the fertilisation process in flowering plants.
To explain formation of seeds.

Class experiment-examine inflorescence of star grass/ maize/ sugarcane.
Identify glumes, spikes and spikelets.
Compare them in text books/ charts.
Q/A: adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
Exposition and detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams,
detailed discussion.
Detailed discussion.

Wind-pollinated flowers.
wind & inect pollinated flower
chart
text book

KLB BK III.
PP 93-94.CERTIFICATE PG 119

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fruit development.
Classification of fruits.
Placentation.
Fruit and seed dispersal.
Internal structure of fruits.
Sexual reproduction in animals. External fertilisation.
Internal fertilisation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe development of fruits in flowering plants.
To classify fruits using specific criteria.
To define placentation.
To describe the process of placentation.
To identify types of placentation.
To explain adaptive features of fruits and seeds to their agents of dispersal.
To label the parts of internal structure of a fruit.
To identify the functions of internal parts of a fruit.
To describe external fertilisation in amphibians.
To describe internal fertilisation and compare it with external fertilisation.

Detailed discussion.
Teacher presents several types of fruits and leads students in classifying them.
Detailed discussion, drawing of diagrams.
Teacher exposes the meaning of placentation.
Students examine ovaries of various fruits as the teacher exposes the types of placentation exhibited.
Students draw diagrams showing types of placentation.
Students examine fruits and seeds, observe external features, and group them accordingly to methods of dispersal.
Detailed discussion of observations made.
Teacher demonstration- Vertical sections of fruits.
Students draw and label the fruit internal structure.
Detailed discussion.
Tabulate differences between external and internal fertilisation.

text book
A variety of fruits, petri dishes
Blades
Containers.
Fruits
Beans
Sunflower
Pawpaw
Orange
Primrose, e.t.c
text book
charts
Strands of eggs of frogs.

KLB BK III.
P 98.CERTIFICATE PG 124
KLB BK III. PP. 102-103 CERTIFICATE PG 130

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Reproduction in mammals. Reproduction in human beings.
Functions of parts of male reproduction system.
Male reproduction system of a male animal.
Female reproduction system.
Functions of parts of female reproduction system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the reproduction process in mammals.
To draw and label the structure of male reproduction system.
To explain the male reproduction system.
To identify parts of male reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.
To draw and label parts of the female reproduction system.
To explain the functions of parts of female reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.
Drawing and labeling male reproduction system.
To examine reproduction system of a male rabbit /rat.
Identify the parts of the reproduction system.
Drawing and labeling.

Wall charts-Reproduction system.
text book
Reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 105 CERTIFICATE PG 149

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system of a female animal.
Formation of ova.
Fertilisation process.
Implantation.
The placenta.
Role of the placenta. Placental exchanges.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify parts of female reproduction system of a female animal.
To draw and label the human spermatozoon.
To describe the process of formation of ova.
To explain the fertilisation process.
To define implantation.
To define ectopic pregnancy.
To describe the formation of the placenta and the structure of the placenta.
To state and explain the role of the placenta.
To identify substances allowed / not allowed to pass through the placenta

Examine parts of a female reproduction system.
Identify the parts.
Drawing and labelling.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Adaptations of male gamete to its function.
Discussion
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Discussion.
Exposition and discussion.
Exposition and discussion. Drawing diagrams showing placental exchanges.

Dissected female rat/ mouse/rabbit.
text book
chart
Chart- The placenta.

KLB BK III. P.110 CERTIFICATE PG 151

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pregnancy and hormones.
Abortion, miscarriage, birth.
Lactation and parental care.
Secondary sexual characteristics.
The menstrual cycle.
28-day menstrual cycle.
Menopause, infertility and emerging issues.
Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify functions of human oestrogen and progestrone during pregnancy.
To describe processes of abortion, miscarriage and birth.
To explain the role of oxytocin in milk let down.
To draw and label mammary glands.
To state secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.
To explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
To represent hormonal levels on a 28-day chart.
To describe hormonal changes at menopause.
To discuss emerging issues related to infertility and menopause.
To identify the symptoms of STIs.
To explain the mode of transmission of STIs / AIDS and discuss methods of control.
To differentiate between HIV and AIDS.

Tabulate functional differences.
Q/A: To elicit students responses on related issues.
Discussion
Drawing and labelling mammary glands.
Detailed discussion.
Open discussion.
Interpreting illustrative charts.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Distinction and relationship between HIV and AIDS.

text book
Wall- charts mammary glands.
Chart- Phases of human menstrual cycle.
chart
Chart- STIs causal agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures.

CERTIFICATE PG 160