Food Production Processes

Crop Establishment - Notes on types of soil tilth
Crop Establishment - Practical: Preparing coarse and medium tilth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how coarse, medium and fine tilth seedbeds are prepared
- Explain why small seeds require fine tilth and large planting materials require coarse tilth
- Demonstrate care and precision when preparing seedbeds

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how the number of tillings determines the type of tilth achieved
- Study the steps for preparing a coarse, medium and fine tilth seedbed
- Decide on a suitable crop and planting material for the group seedbed project

What steps must be followed to prepare each type of soil tilth?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 34
- Jembe, fork jembe, panga and rake
- Reference books and print materials
- Jembe, fork jembe, panga
- Planting site and gardening gloves

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Crop Establishment - Practical: Preparing fine tilth
Crop Establishment - Practical: Establishing crops in prepared seedbeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare a seedbed to fine tilth by repeatedly breaking and raking the soil
- Identify crops that require fine tilth (millet, sorghum, carrots, onions)
- Show patience and attention to detail when preparing a fine tilth seedbed

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Break segregated soil clods further into fine particles using a fork jembe
- Move a rake over the soil to remove rough materials and level the surface
- Identify which small seeds are suitable for planting in the fine tilth seedbed

How do we prepare a fine tilth seedbed for small seeds?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 34
- Fork jembe, rake and planting site
- Small seeds (millet, sorghum or carrots)
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 35
- Planting materials (tubers, maize, millet or carrots)
- Prepared seedbeds and garden tools

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Crop Establishment - Review and summary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Summarise the types of planting materials and the tilth required for each
- Describe the steps for establishing a crop from land preparation to planting
- Show confidence in applying knowledge of crop establishment in a garden setting

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review key notes on planting materials and types of soil tilth
- Discuss the importance of using high-quality planting materials
- Complete exercises matching planting materials to appropriate tilth types

What are the key steps in establishing a crop from seedbed preparation to planting?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 36
- Activity journals
- Exercise books

- Written assignments - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Crop Establishment - Assessment
Crop Establishment - Caring for established crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Answer questions on soil tilth and crop establishment correctly
- Apply knowledge of planting materials and tilth to real-life scenarios
- Demonstrate commitment to using appropriate soil tilth in crop production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Attempt written exercises and multiple choice questions on tilth and planting materials
- Discuss answers and review common mistakes
- Reflect on the importance of soil tilth in ensuring successful crop establishment

How does knowledge of soil tilth help us establish crops successfully?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 36
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 35
- Garden tools and watering cans
- Activity journals

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Introduction to management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why management practices are necessary after crop establishment
- Identify the management practices covered: thinning, gapping, weeding and earthing up
- Show interest in carrying out management practices to ensure healthy crop growth

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the introduction and discuss why management practices are important for crop health
- Identify examples of each management practice from pictures or video clips
- Discuss the consequences of neglecting management practices such as overcrowding

What happens to crops that are not given proper management after establishment?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Charts showing crop management practices

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Introduction to management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why management practices are necessary after crop establishment
- Identify the management practices covered: thinning, gapping, weeding and earthing up
- Show interest in carrying out management practices to ensure healthy crop growth

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the introduction and discuss why management practices are important for crop health
- Identify examples of each management practice from pictures or video clips
- Discuss the consequences of neglecting management practices such as overcrowding

What happens to crops that are not given proper management after establishment?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Charts showing crop management practices

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Thinning and gapping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the difference between thinning and gapping
- Describe why overcrowded seedlings must be removed and gaps filled
- Appreciate the role of thinning and gapping in achieving the correct plant population

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the meaning of thinning and gapping and how the two practices relate to each other
- Identify seedlings that are too closely spaced and those planted in spaces that are too wide
- Explain why thinned seedlings can be transplanted to fill gaps rather than discarded

What is the difference between thinning and gapping and why are both important?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- Reference books and digital resources
- Charts showing thinning and gapping

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Practical: Thinning and gapping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out thinning by removing excess seedlings from overcrowded spaces
- Fill identified gaps by transplanting uprooted seedlings or re-sowing seeds
- Demonstrate care in uprooting seedlings with a ball of soil to protect the root system

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Explore a crop garden and identify places where seedlings are too closely spaced
- Uproot excess seedlings carefully retaining a ball of soil around the roots
- Plant the uprooted seedlings to fill gaps where seeds failed to germinate

How do we carry out thinning and gapping correctly in a crop garden?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- School crop garden
- Garden tools (hand fork, trowel) and watering cans

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Weeding through physical methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe why weeds must be controlled in a crop garden
- Identify physical methods of weeding
- Show responsibility in keeping the school crop garden free of weeds

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the harmful effects of weeds on crop yield, quality and pest harbourage
- Study pictures showing physical weeding methods (uprooting, slashing, hand-pulling, hoeing)
- Plan when and how to carry out weeding in the school crop garden

Why must weeds be controlled in a crop garden and how is physical weeding done?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- Digital devices and reference books
- Charts showing physical weeding methods

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Practical: Weeding the crop garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weeding using physical methods in the school crop garden
- Observe safety when using tools to avoid damaging crops or injuring others
- Demonstrate teamwork and shared responsibility during weeding

- Carry out physical weeding on crops established in the school garden
- Use tools carefully, maintaining a safe distance from other learners
- Discuss other physical weeding methods that could be applied in different crop situations

How do we carry out physical weeding safely without damaging the growing crops?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- School crop garden
- Jembe, slasher, hand hoe and gardening gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Practical: Weeding the crop garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weeding using physical methods in the school crop garden
- Observe safety when using tools to avoid damaging crops or injuring others
- Demonstrate teamwork and shared responsibility during weeding

- Carry out physical weeding on crops established in the school garden
- Use tools carefully, maintaining a safe distance from other learners
- Discuss other physical weeding methods that could be applied in different crop situations

How do we carry out physical weeding safely without damaging the growing crops?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- School crop garden
- Jembe, slasher, hand hoe and gardening gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Earthing up

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the purpose of earthing up in crops such as maize, potatoes and sweet potatoes
- Carry out earthing up in the school crop garden
- Appreciate the role of earthing up in supporting crops and expanding underground tubers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss why soil is heaped around crop stems and roots during earthing up
- Identify crops in the garden that require earthing up
- Use a fork jembe or garden trowel to earth up crops by heaping soil around their base

Why is earthing up carried out in maize and tuber crops?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- School crop garden
- Fork jembe, garden trowel and gardening gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the four crop management practices and explain their importance
- Differentiate between thinning and gapping and between weeding and earthing up
- Show confidence in applying management practices to real crop situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review the four management practices and discuss key points for each
- Complete written exercises including fill-in-the-blank and short-answer questions
- Discuss real-life scenarios where management practices have improved crop yields

How do the four management practices work together to ensure healthy crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 41
- Exercise books
- Written question sheets

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Continued management of crop garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Continue carrying out management practices on the established school crop garden
- Monitor the health and growth progress of the crops
- Appreciate the cumulative value of consistent management in crop production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Weed, thin, gap and earth up the school crop garden where necessary
- Record crop health observations in the activity journal
- Discuss how different management practices have influenced crop growth

What changes in crop growth have resulted from applying management practices consistently?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 41
- School crop garden and garden tools
- Activity journals

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Introduction to animal products preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why animal products are prepared before selling, storage or consumption
- Identify the purposes for which eggs and honey are prepared
- Show interest in proper preparation of animal products for various uses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the Makala scenario: why eggs should be prepared immediately after collection
- Identify purposes for which eggs and honey are prepared (selling, storage, consumption)
- Discuss what kinds of containers are appropriate for storing eggs and honey

Why should animal products be prepared immediately after collection?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 42
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Reference books and charts

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Cleaning, sorting and grading eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how eggs are cleaned, sorted and graded
- Explain why eggs must not be soaked or cleaned with wet materials
- Appreciate the importance of sorting and grading in presenting quality products to customers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how to clean eggs using hands or a slightly damp cloth
- Explain the criteria for sorting eggs: broken from unbroken, large from small, fertilised from non-fertilised
- Discuss why eggs are graded by size and category before packing

How should eggs be cleaned, sorted and graded for sale or storage?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 42
- Eggs, clean cloth and egg trays
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Practical: Sorting, grading and packing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sort a set of eggs for various purposes (hatching, sale, consumption, disposal)
- Grade eggs by size and pack them in an egg tray with labels
- Demonstrate integrity in following correct and ethical procedures for egg preparation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Obtain 10 eggs and sort them according to purpose and quality
- Grade the eggs by size and category for presentation to customers
- Pack the sorted and graded eggs in trays and label each category correctly

Why is it important to sort, grade and label eggs before presenting them for sale?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 43
- Eggs, egg trays and labelling materials
- Clean cloth for wiping

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Practical: Sorting, grading and packing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sort a set of eggs for various purposes (hatching, sale, consumption, disposal)
- Grade eggs by size and pack them in an egg tray with labels
- Demonstrate integrity in following correct and ethical procedures for egg preparation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Obtain 10 eggs and sort them according to purpose and quality
- Grade the eggs by size and category for presentation to customers
- Pack the sorted and graded eggs in trays and label each category correctly

Why is it important to sort, grade and label eggs before presenting them for sale?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 43
- Eggs, egg trays and labelling materials
- Clean cloth for wiping

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Honey processing: crushing and straining

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of honey processing and describe the crushing and straining method
- Describe the steps for processing raw honey using crushing and straining
- Show care in following correct procedures when handling honey products

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip on honey processing using the crushing and straining method
- Discuss the steps: examine honeycombs, crush into a bowl, strain through a sieve into a clean container
- List the equipment needed to process and pack a sample of raw honey

What is the crushing and straining method of processing honey and how is it done?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 43
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Raw honey sample, plastic bowl, strainer and glass container

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Practical: Processing and packing honey

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Process a sample of raw honey using the crushing and straining method
- Pack processed honey in appropriate airtight glass or plastic containers
- Appreciate the value of proper packaging in maintaining quality and safety of honey

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Remove impurities from honeycombs, crush them and strain the honey into a clean container
- Pour the processed honey into labelled glass or thick plastic bottles and seal with airtight lids
- Discuss why honey must not be packed in metal containers or plastic bags

How do we process and pack honey correctly to maintain its quality?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 44
- Raw honey, crushing rod, strainer, glass or plastic bottles
- Airtight lids and labelling materials

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Importance of preparation and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the importance of preparing animal products before selling or storage
- Compare prepared and unprepared animal products in terms of quality and value
- Demonstrate confidence in answering questions on egg and honey preparation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study the Makala scenario comparing prepared versus unprepared eggs and honey
- Discuss how proper preparation adds monetary and nutritional value to animal products
- Complete assessment questions on egg cleaning, sorting, grading and honey processing

Why does proper preparation of animal products increase their market value?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 46
- Exercise books
- Written question sheets

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Introduction to grilling, roasting and steaming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain that grilling, roasting and steaming are the cooking methods to be learnt
- Relate these methods to prior experience with baking and stewing from Grade 6
- Show interest in learning different methods of cooking food

- Discuss foods learners have previously eaten that were grilled or roasted (mahindi choma, nyama choma)
- Identify the method of cooking shown in provided pictures and describe how the food is cooked
- List foods in the locality that can be cooked using grilling or roasting methods

Why should we use different methods of cooking to prepare food?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 49
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Pictures showing grilling and roasting

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Introduction to grilling, roasting and steaming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain that grilling, roasting and steaming are the cooking methods to be learnt
- Relate these methods to prior experience with baking and stewing from Grade 6
- Show interest in learning different methods of cooking food

- Discuss foods learners have previously eaten that were grilled or roasted (mahindi choma, nyama choma)
- Identify the method of cooking shown in provided pictures and describe how the food is cooked
- List foods in the locality that can be cooked using grilling or roasting methods

Why should we use different methods of cooking to prepare food?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 49
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Pictures showing grilling and roasting

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Grilling: meaning and equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define grilling and describe the equipment used
- Improvise a grill using locally available materials
- Show creativity and initiative in improvising cooking equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital devices to find the meaning of grilling and identify grilling equipment
- Discuss how to improvise a grill using charcoal, a jiko and wire mesh
- Follow steps to clean and prepare the improvised grill before use

What is grilling and how can a grill be improvised using locally available materials?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 50
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Charcoal jiko, wire mesh, matchbox and charcoal

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Practical: Grilling maize

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow correct steps to grill maize on an improvised grill
- Apply safety guidelines when using a charcoal grill
- Demonstrate hygiene and food safety during the grilling process

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare the improvised grill and allow it to heat before placing maize
- Remove the husk, place maize on the hot wire mesh and turn frequently for even cooking
- Observe grilling safety guidelines: ventilation, distance from flammable materials, constant attention

How do we grill maize safely and hygienically using an improvised grill?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 51
- Improvised grill, green maize and clean plate
- Charcoal, jiko and matchbox

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Advantages of grilling and introduction to roasting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe three advantages of grilling as a cooking method
- Define roasting and identify the equipment used for roasting
- Appreciate the differences between grilling and roasting methods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the advantages of grilling: smoky flavour, reduced fat content and visual appeal
- Define roasting as a dry heat cooking method done in an oven with hot air surrounding the food
- List foods suitable for roasting and equipment used (oven, roasting tray, skewer, tongs, basting brush)

What are the advantages of grilling and how is roasting different from grilling?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 53
- Digital devices and reference books
- Pictures of grilled and roasted foods

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Advantages of grilling and introduction to roasting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe three advantages of grilling as a cooking method
- Define roasting and identify the equipment used for roasting
- Appreciate the differences between grilling and roasting methods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the advantages of grilling: smoky flavour, reduced fat content and visual appeal
- Define roasting as a dry heat cooking method done in an oven with hot air surrounding the food
- List foods suitable for roasting and equipment used (oven, roasting tray, skewer, tongs, basting brush)

What are the advantages of grilling and how is roasting different from grilling?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 53
- Digital devices and reference books
- Pictures of grilled and roasted foods

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Practical: Roasting food

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow correct steps to roast a selected food using available equipment
- Apply safety and hygiene guidelines when roasting food
- Show appreciation for roasting as a method that retains natural flavours

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip on how to cook food using the roasting method
- Identify equipment for roasting and discuss the roasting process step by step
- Roast a selected food (green bananas, sweet potatoes, groundnuts or cashewnuts) following correct procedures

How do we roast food safely while maintaining good hygiene practices?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 54
- Oven or improvised roasting equipment
- Selected foods for roasting (groundnuts, sweet potatoes or green bananas)

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Steaming: meaning and equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define steaming and explain how it differs from boiling
- Identify foods suitable for steaming and the equipment used
- Appreciate steaming as a cooking method that retains nutrients and natural flavours

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the definition of steaming and how steam from boiling water cooks the food
- Identify foods suitable for steaming: fish, cabbage, carrots, green maize, eggs and chicken
- Describe steaming equipment: steamer pots, electric steamers, steamer racks and improvised colanders

What is steaming and why is it considered a healthy method of cooking food?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 60
- Digital devices and reference books
- Pictures of steaming equipment

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Practical: Steaming cabbage and carrots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow correct steps to steam cabbage and carrots using an improvised colander
- Apply safety guidelines when handling hot steam and lids
- Demonstrate hygiene throughout the steaming process

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Wash and prepare cabbage and grated carrots, then position the colander correctly over boiling water
- Steam the cabbage and carrot mixture for 5 minutes, add salt, stir and serve hot
- Observe safety guidelines: use heat-safe colander, direct steam away when opening lid and use kitchen gloves

How do we steam vegetables safely using an improvised colander and sufuria?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 60
- Cabbage, carrots, salt, colander, sufuria with fitting lid and source of heat
- Grater, chopping board, knife and clean plate

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Steaming guidelines and advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply guidelines for steaming food correctly and safely
- Describe four advantages of steaming as a method of cooking
- Show commitment to using steaming regularly as a healthy cooking method

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss guidelines for steaming: maintain continuous steam, refill with boiling water, wrap delicate foods in foil
- Discuss the advantages of steaming: easy to digest, retains nutrients, suitable for low-fat diets and retains natural flavours
- Discuss observations from the steaming practical and answer questions on safety and hygiene

What guidelines must be followed when steaming food and what are its advantages?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Activity journals
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Steaming guidelines and advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply guidelines for steaming food correctly and safely
- Describe four advantages of steaming as a method of cooking
- Show commitment to using steaming regularly as a healthy cooking method

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss guidelines for steaming: maintain continuous steam, refill with boiling water, wrap delicate foods in foil
- Discuss the advantages of steaming: easy to digest, retains nutrients, suitable for low-fat diets and retains natural flavours
- Discuss observations from the steaming practical and answer questions on safety and hygiene

What guidelines must be followed when steaming food and what are its advantages?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Activity journals
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Comparing cooking methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Compare grilling, roasting and steaming in terms of process, equipment and suitable foods
- Explain why using varied cooking methods improves the quality and enjoyment of meals
- Appreciate the value of using different methods of cooking food

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss whether using only one cooking method every day would be satisfying and explain why
- Compare grilling, roasting and steaming: equipment used, foods cooked and health benefits
- Create a summary table showing similarities and differences between the three methods

Why should we use different cooking methods rather than relying on only one method?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Exercise books
- Reference books and digital resources

- Written assignments - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Take home activity debrief and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Share experiences from practising grilling or steaming food at home
- Review all three cooking methods and summarise key learning points
- Show confidence in applying the three cooking methods in real-life situations

- Learners share experiences of grilling or steaming food with parents or guardians at home
- Review the key points of grilling, roasting and steaming through class discussion
- Discuss challenges faced during home activities and how they were resolved

What lessons did you learn from practising cooking methods at home?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Activity journals
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Answer questions on grilling, roasting and steaming correctly
- Apply knowledge of cooking methods to real-life food preparation scenarios
- Demonstrate responsibility in handling cooking equipment safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Attempt written exercises on the three cooking methods
- Review answers and discuss corrections collaboratively
- Reflect on which cooking method best preserves nutrients and explain the reason

Which cooking method best preserves nutrients in food and why?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Extended practical: preparing a cooked meal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare food using one of the three methods learnt (grilling, roasting or steaming)
- Serve the cooked food while observing hygiene and food safety standards
- Appreciate varied cooking methods as a way of producing nutritious and appealing meals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Plan and prepare a simple meal using a chosen method: grilling, roasting or steaming
- Observe safety and hygiene throughout the food preparation and cooking process
- Serve the prepared food and discuss its appearance, taste and nutritional value

How do the cooking methods learnt help us prepare nutritious and appealing meals?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Selected foods and appropriate cooking equipment
- Clean plates, serving utensils and kitchen gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Introduction to hygiene practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why hygiene is important when rearing domestic animals
- Identify hygiene practices carried out when rearing animals (clean structures, clean feeders, clean water, clean animals)
- Show interest in maintaining hygiene standards when rearing domestic animals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the strand introduction and discuss what hygiene practices for domestic animals involve
- Search for information on hygiene practices when rearing dogs, cats, rabbits and poultry
- Discuss why animals should be kept in clean, well-ventilated structures with clean feed and water

Why is hygiene important in the rearing of domestic animals?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 65
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Reference books and charts

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Clean feeders, waterers and structures
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Cleaning animal structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the hygiene requirements for animal feeders, waterers and housing structures
- Explain why dirty animals attract external parasites such as fleas and mites
- Appreciate the role of routine cleaning in keeping animals comfortable and disease-free

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the four key hygiene notes: clean feeders, clean water, clean housing, clean animals
- Identify the correct housing structures for dogs (kennel), cats (basket), rabbits (hutch) and poultry (coop)
- Discuss why bedding materials such as sawdust, wood chippings or straw must be kept clean and dry

How do we ensure that animal feeders, waterers and structures are always kept clean?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 65
- Reference books and digital resources
- Charts showing animal housing structures
- Animal structure (hutch, kennel or basket)
- Cobweb brush, hand brush, dustpan, clean bedding and dust mask

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Washing feeders and waterers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow the correct steps to wash animal feeders and waterers
- Explain why feeders and waterers must be dried in direct sunlight after washing
- Demonstrate care and thoroughness when cleaning feeding and watering equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Remove feeders and waterers from the animal structure, drain out water and feed remains
- Scrape off stuck material, soak in warm water, scrub with soapy water, rinse and dry in sunlight
- Discuss why some poultry feeders require disassembly before washing to reach all parts

Why must animal feeders and waterers be cleaned thoroughly and dried in sunlight?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 65
- Animal feeders and waterers
- Warm water, soap, scrubbing brush and waterproof gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Hygiene of animals: rabbits, poultry and cats
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Bathing a dog and cleaning its kennel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why rabbits, poultry and cats should never be bathed in water
- Describe how to maintain hygiene for animals that cannot be bathed
- Show responsibility in applying appropriate hygiene methods for different animals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss why rabbits, poultry and cats depend on a clean living space rather than bathing for hygiene
- Explain how to dust or spray animal shelters with appropriate pesticides to eliminate fleas and mites
- Discuss how the cleanliness of the living space directly influences the cleanliness of the animal

How do we maintain hygiene for animals that cannot be bathed in water?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 66
- Reference books and digital resources
- Pesticide spraying equipment (demonstration)
- Dog shampoo, warm water, dry towel, brush and waterproof gloves
- Bedding material and cleaning equipment

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Importance of hygiene in animal rearing
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe five reasons why hygiene is important when rearing domestic animals
- Explain how poor hygiene leads to parasites, disease and stress in animals
- Appreciate that clean animals make better companions and are healthier and more productive

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the five importance points: odour control, parasite prevention, skin disease prevention, animal comfort and pleasant appearance
- Discuss real-life examples of the consequences of neglecting hygiene when rearing animals
- Create a class presentation summarising why hygiene in animal rearing benefits both animals and people

Why does maintaining hygiene in animal rearing benefit both the animals and their owners?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 67
- Reference books and digital resources
- Charts showing healthy vs unhealthy animal conditions
- Exercise books
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Answer multiple choice and true/false questions on hygiene in animal rearing correctly
- Apply knowledge of hygiene practices to real-life scenarios involving domestic animals
- Demonstrate commitment to upholding hygiene standards when rearing animals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Attempt written multiple choice and true/false assessment questions on hygiene in animal rearing
- Review answers, discuss common errors and correct misconceptions
- Reflect on how the hygiene practices learnt apply to animals at home or in the community

How does knowledge of hygiene in animal rearing help us care for domestic animals responsibly?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 67
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books

- Written tests - Oral questions